Biomedical subjects

D Gardiner

Publications and source records attributed to D Gardiner.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

The handwriting on the wall. Warning signs of impending job loss.

Can nurse executives read the handwriting on the wall when they or another nurse executive are facing a forced resignation or termination? What are the warning signs of an eroding job position, including the relationship between the chief nurse executive and the chief executive officer? How much time does a nurse executive typically have in the job once the warning signs begin to show? The authors discuss these questions and specific tactics and strategies suggested by warning signs.

Decision Making, Organizational↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of virtual reality during dental treatment on child anxiety and behavior.

Virtual reality, a three-dimensional computer generated world, has been shown to relax adults during dental treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of virtual reality on the behavior and anxiety of children during dental treatment. The behavior, anxiety and heart rate of twenty-six children, ages five to seven years were evaluated for the first five minutes of two restorative treatment visits. Thirteen children viewed virtual reality at their first restorative visit and not the second, and thirteen children viewed virtual reality at the second restorative visit and not the first. Before and immediately following the restorative visits, each child was instructed to draw a human figure. The restorative appointments were video recorded and heart rate monitored. The drawings and videotapes were rated independently by two examiners. The Koppitz method of evaluating drawings was used to measure anxiety. The Frankl behavior rating scale was used to evaluate behavior. Differences (ANOVA) in behavior (p < or = 0.50) and anxiety (p < or = 0.65) were not significant. The overall pulse rate was significantly lower (ANOVA p < or = 0.001) when the child was wearing glasses and viewing virtual reality. In conclusion, virtual reality during dental treatment had no significant effect on the behavior or anxiety but significantly reduced the pulse.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Selected mechanical properties of fluoride-releasing restorative materials.

Mechanical properties, diametral tensile strength (DTS) and flexural strength (FS) of six fluoride releasing materials were measured and compared. The samples were prepared and tested according to ISO specifications. The materials included a glass ionomer (Fuji IX), a resin-modified glass ionomer (Photac-Fil), two compomers (F 2000; Dyract AP) and two composites (Solitaire; Tetric Ceram). The tests were performed after the materials were stored in distilled water (DTS) and phosphate buffered saline solution (FS) at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and one week. Fluoride-releasing composite resin had the highest flexural and diametral tensile strengths and were statistically stronger than compomers, followed by resin-modified glass ionomer and conventional glass ionomer. However, a notable exception to this general trend was Solitaire, a fluoride-releasing composite resin.

Buffers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Color stability of fluoride-containing restorative materials.

Six fluoride-releasing materials of shade A3 were tested: one glass ionomer (Fuji IX), one resin-modified glass ionomer (Photac-Fil), two compomers (F 2000 and Dyract AP) and two composites (Tetric Ceram and Solitaire). Disk-shaped specimens of each material were prepared according to manufacturer's instructions, polished and L*a*b* baseline measurements taken. Specimens were randomly divided into two groups and given four different treatments of UV light exposure and immersion in a staining solution. Chromo Meter color measurements were taken following each treatment. Two-way ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Range post-hoc tests were used to compare color changes as a function of the four treatment conditions and one-way ANOVA was used to compare materials for each treatment separately. The results showed significant difference in shade A3 between products. In general, the hydrophobic materials showed greater color stability and stain resistance than the hydrophilic materials. Tetric ceram had the best color stability and stain resistance, while Fuji IX had the least.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical implants in the posterior mandible: 10-year observations.

A total of 443 hydroxyapatite-coated cylindrical implants were placed into the posterior mandibles of consenting patients from July 1985 through December 1991. Implants were placed into ridges that had sufficient bone volume. Implants were also placed in ridges with thin bone, grafted bone, or immediate extraction sites, which occasionally resulted in increased morbidity. All were followed yearly with clinical and radiographic examinations. Life table analyses were performed using SAS software. Ten-year cumulative survival and nonmorbid (based on bone loss criteria) rates were determined for the four posterior tooth locations and for all posterior locations combined. Cumulative survival for implants was 0.858 +/- 0.056 in the first premolar region, 0.833 +/- 0.041 for the second premolar region, 0.785 +/- 0.041 for the first molar region, and 0.718 +/- 0.064 for the second molar region. When all posterior mandibular locations were taken together, the cumulative survival was 0.793 +/- 0.025. Cumulative nonmorbid rates were 0.816 +/- 0.056 for the first premolar, 0.729 +/- 0.049 for the second premolar, 0.600 +/- 0.046 for the first molar, and 0.507 +/- 0.066 for the second molar. The cumulative nonmorbid rate was 0.646 +/- 0.028 for all sites combined. Comparisons between sites indicated that the second molar site had statistically more morbidity than did the other three sites. Most of the problems were identified with 8-mm-long implants, especially in the second molar location. Clinical parameters, including the presence of keratinized gingiva and a hygienic restoration, were associated with survival. Both mechanical and inflammatory compromise were found to be reasons for implant failure.

Bicuspid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bone response to functioning implants in dog mandibular alveolar ridges augmented with distraction osteogenesis.

The specific aim of this study was to determine the response of alveolar bone after it was augmented vertically using distraction osteogenesis and subsequently loaded with implant restorations. Four dogs each had four implants placed horizontally into an edentulous mandibular quadrant and, after integration, a distraction osteogenesis device was fabricated in the laboratory. An osteotomy was made to allow the crest of the alveolar ridge to be distracted vertically. After 10 mm of vertical distraction, the device was stabilized with light cured resin. Following bone fill confirmation of the distraction gap at 10 weeks, two implants were placed into the ridges, one in distracted bone and one in nondistracted bone. After 4 months for implant integration, freestanding prostheses were fabricated. Crestal bone levels were evaluated throughout the period of function. Animals were sacrificed after 1 year of loading, for histologic evaluation of the bone. The vertical ridge augmentation averaged 8.85 +/- 1.05 mm after 10 weeks of healing following distraction, without change over 1 year of implant loading. Histologic examination showed that bone had formed between the distracted segments, creating an augmented ridge. The average thickness of the labial cortex in the distraction gap was significantly thinner than the lingual cortex in distracted bone and the lingual and labial nondistracted cortical bone. The presence of the dental implant did not significantly affect cortical bone thickness. Serial sections showed that implants remained integrated and functional without soft tissue inflammation. Dental implants placed into alveolar ridges augmented with the technique of distraction osteogenesis maintained bone and were functional for the length of this study.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗