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Biomedical subjects

D Gaillard

Publications and source records attributed to D Gaillard.

176 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Morphogenesis and modifications of the respiratory epithelium].

The tracheobronchial tree begins to form during the fourth week of development through a series of dichotomic divisions of an entoblastic evagination. The morphogenesis and maturation of the respiratory tract depend both on the nature of the extracellular matrix which facilitates cell migration and on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions which induce the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. The study of the plasticity and the phenotypic modifications of secretory cells during both development and inflammatory remodeling of the tracheobronchial mucosa suggests an important role for secretory cells during ciliogenesis and repair.

Bronchi↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nucleolar organizer regions in congenital mesoblastic nephroma.

A review of 78 renal tumors in patients under 6 months of age revealed 35 congenital mesoblastic nephromas (CMNs). Based on cellular criteria, 14 were classified as classical, 4 as partly cellular, and 17 as cellular CMN. The mean ages were 24, 11, and 70 days, respectively. There were 13 intrarenal tumors (stage I) but 9 classical, 3 partly cellular, and 5 cellular CMNs extended to the perirenal fat (stage II) and 5 cellular tumors ruptured (stage III). In order to assess cellular proliferative activity, silver staining of nucleolar organizer region (Ag-NOR) proteins was performed on 19 CMNs. The number of Ag-NOR dots per cell was significantly lower in classical and partly cellular CMN than in cellular CMN, whatever the stage (P < .01). Within the cellular CMNs, the mean number of Ag-NOR dots was statistically higher in the single case that recurred with fatal outcome (P < .02). Counting of Ag-NOR dots appears to be a reproducible method for evaluating the biologic potential of CMNs. The number of Ag-NOR dots, DNA content measurements, the histological subclassification, and the presence or absence of tumor at the surgical margins may be useful features in selecting those patients who will benefit from further treatment after nephrectomy.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The influence of dietary regimen on the stimulation of microsomal monooxygenases in rat liver induced by 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline].

Activities, on the hepatic microsomal fraction, of the following enzymes: aniline aromatic hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, N-methylaniline N-demethylases, as well as the P-450 cytochrome level, have been evaluated on female rats. During a period of 26 days, they are fed on 4 diets including either: 20% or 30% proteins, or: 1% or 30% lipids. A parallel study is carried out: animals fed on the same diets are given, orally on the 22nd day and for 4 days, a bactericide, the dimethyl-2.3 quinoxaline; the dose is 500 mg/kg/day, with an interval of 24 hours. 1) A stimulation of the microsomal monooxygenase activity and an increase in the P-450 cytochrome level are induced by the dimethyl-2.3 quinoxaline on all animals regardless the diet they are on. 2) The hyperlipidic diet is the only one to induce an increased activity of the same enzymes, but the P-450 cytochrome level remains unchanged. 3) In rats fed on the hyperlipidic diet and treated with dimethyl-2.3 quinoxaline, the effects of this substance and of this diet, on the drug-metabolizing enzymes, become additive.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hormonal requirements for growth and differentiation of ob17 preadipocyte cells in vitro.

The ob17 cell line is a clonal line established from epididymal fat pads of C57 BL/6J ob/ob mice. After conversion into adipose-like cells, ob17 presents both the morphological and biochemical properties of mature rodent fat cells. The adipose conversion process is best represented by a stochastic model in which a pool of stem cells (adipoblasts) gives rise to clusters of adipose cells and to additional stem cells that remain in the population. The role of the different factors involved in the adipose conversion process of ob17 cells is discussed, i.e. 1) mitogenic factors, that enhance the number of committed cells (ACF or adipose conversion factor(s)) 2) lipogenic factors, that enhance the expression of adipocyte enzyme markers (insulin) and 3) adipogenic factors, that are obligatory requirements for adipose conversion (triiodothyronine, growth hormone and other pituitary factors).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meconium ileus and intestinal atresia in fetuses and neonates.

A collaborative study was performed to determine the different types and mechanisms of intestinal abnormalities during gestation. Cases had to fulfill one or more of the following three criteria: (1) meconium ileus, (2) intestinal stenosis or atresia, and (3) meconium peritonitis. Esophageal atresia, anorectal atresia, and abdominal wall defects were excluded. One hundred two cases were reviewed from the autopsies of 42 induced abortions, 22 stillborns, and the surgical findings in 38 neonates. Meconium ileus was detected mainly during the second trimester (28/38), and was associated with cystic fibrosis (15), fetal blood deglutition (4), infection (6), or multiple-abnormalities (10), in which three chromosomal aberrations were found. Intestinal stenosis or atresia was more commonly detected during the third trimester of gestation (46/56). Sixteen of the 30 duodenal malformations were associated with trisomy 21, whereas in the 26 small intestinal atresias, signs of distress or ischemia were most frequently detected. Only 8 of 25 meconium peritonitis cases were isolated. A total of 20 cystic fibrosis cases could be proved. In this series, functional abnormalities were observed predominantly in the second trimester and associated mainly with cystic fibrosis or amniotic fluid abnormalities. Anatomic lesions were commonly detected later on and associated with ischemic conditions, chromosomal aberrations, and even cystic fibrosis.

Constriction, Pathologic↗