Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D G Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to D G Shaw.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Radiographic features of limb lengthening in children.

We report our experience in radiographic imaging in limb lengthening procedures using callotasis for limb lengthening discrepancy with the Orthofix dynamic monoaxial external fixator. Seventeen patients (average age at operation 10.8 years) completed 22 bone segments (7 femora, 11 tibiae, 4 ulnae) lengthening procedures. The average time for formation of good medullary bridging was over 6 months. The commonest radiographic abnormality was a periosteal reaction around the pin sites seen in 14 patients, while evidence of pin loosening was present in 10. All patients with pin loosening also showed periosteal reaction which pre-dated the loosening in 5 of 12 patients by an average of 47 days. Angulation was detected in 9 patients in the a.p. plane, and in 6 in the lateral plane. Six patients developed a ragged radiolucent region through the newly forming bone at an average of 95 days from the corticotomy but with uneventful healing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Case report: soft tissue and perivisceral calcification occurring in an infant: a case of brown fat necrosis.

Fat necrosis is a well described cause of widespread subcutaneous calcification occurring in a young infant. In this condition the radiographic demonstration of soft tissue calcification is often dramatic but is clinically irrelevant since the diagnosis is usually evident without recourse to radiology. Visceral fat necrosis and calcification, in the absence of hypercalcaemia, have been reported occasionally in association with subcutaneous fat necrosis. We report a case with calcification largely confined to deep perivisceral sites without clinical signs of subcutaneous fat necrosis.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMed1992

Two unusual cases of nephrocalcinosis in infancy.

Nephrocalcinosis is uncommon in childhood, the main causes are renal tubular acidosis, hyperparathyroidism and medullary sponge kidney. It is also seen where there is hypercalcaemia or hypercalciuria of any aetiology; We report nephrocalcinosis in an 18-month-old infant with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Jansen and also in a neonate with McCune Albright syndrome who displayed atypical skeletal appearances and had multiple ovarian cysts.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The magnetic resonance appearances of the normal thymus in children.

The normal thymus in children is highly variable in size and shape. In some cases this has led to the misdiagnosis of mediastinal pathology and an unnecessary thoracotomy. Twenty-five children without suspicion of mediastinal pathology and five children with suspected mediastinal pathology were imaged using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI is recommended to distinguish between the normal and abnormal thymus in difficult cases where other imaging techniques are inconclusive.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Bone changes and their significance in children with ichthyosis on long-term etretinate therapy.

Anxiety about the use of etretinate in children has been provoked by several reports describing skeletal abnormalities during long-term therapy. However, we have observed no evidence of skeletal toxicity in 42 children treated over an 11-year period. Radiological screening before and during treatment has failed to reveal abnormalities that would influence our decision to commence or to continue etretinate administration. We recommend that children who are to be treated with etretinate should have a baseline selective skeletal survey, with follow-up radiology restricted to those with pretreatment radiological abnormalities and those who develop musculo-skeletal symptoms. In addition we advise that dosage should not exceed 1 mg/kg/day. If these guidelines are followed, we believe that long-term therapy with etretinate can be given to children, with an acceptable margin of safety.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Multidimensionality and state dependency of alexithymia in recently sober alcoholics.

In this study, we a) examined the appropriateness of using a single global score to represent alexithymia and b) constructed a model to examine the relationship between alexithymia and depression in recently sober alcoholics applying for inpatient care. To measure alexithymia, we used the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS); to measure depression, we used the revised Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Factor analyses identified three alexithymia factors (Feelings, Daydreaming, and External Thinking) and two depression factors (Somatic-Performance and Cognitive-Affective). The three TAS factors were not positively related to each other; the two BDI factors were. We used LISREL software to examine the relationships between the TAS factors and the BDI factors. The only two significant unidirectional coefficients were between the TAS-Feelings factor and the two BDI factors. Our results suggest that in recently sober alcoholics, alexithymia, as measured by the TAS, consists of three independent, unrelated dimensions. Moreover, only the dimension associated with an inability to identify feelings and to distinguish them from bodily sensations is related to depressive symptoms. To determine whether this alexithymia feelings dimension actually is dependent on situational depression and/or anxiety will require confirmation in additional samples, such as primary alexithymics and patients with major depressive disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Depot testosterone in boys with anorchia or gonadotrophin deficiency: effect on growth rate and adult height.

Eleven teenage boys with bilateral anorchia and 12 with gonadotrophin deficiency were treated by injections of testosterone ester (enanthate) at an initial dose of 100 mg every six to eight weeks, rising to 250 mg every four weeks after three to four years. In the anorchic boys average adult height was 177.1 cm, compared with a mean mid-parental height of 174.4 cm, and mean predicted adult heights of 177.0 cm (Tanner-Whitehouse method) and 178.0 cm (Bayley-Pinneau method). In the patients with gonadotrophin deficiency, mean adult height was 176.9 cm, compared with a mean mid-parental height of 176.1 cm, and mean predicted adults heights of 174.0 cm (Tanner-Whitehouse method) and 177.3 cm (Bayley-Pinneau method). We conclude that this testosterone regimen allows achievement of full growth potential in such patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Microtia and short stature: a new syndrome.

Bilateral microtia, absent patellae, short stature, poor weight gain, and characteristic facial features are described in two female sibs. Other skeletal anomalies included complete habitual dislocation of the elbow, slender ribs and long bones, abnormal modelling of the glenoid fossae with hooked clavicles, and clinodactyly. Bone age was significantly delayed and there was flattening of the epiphyses. This unusual combination of features has many similarities to the syndrome described by Hurst et al.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Dimensions of alexithymia and their relationships to anxiety and depression.

Investigators have suggested that alexithymia is a multidimensional construct and that it is responsive to situational stressors. We tested these hypotheses in a sample of 110 freshman medical students. We conducted factor analyses on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and then used LISREL to examine the relationships among the various factors. The results indicated that the TAS consists of several independent dimensions and that the dimensions associated with difficulties identifying and communicating feelings are positively related to depression and anxiety. Thus, the evidence now affirms that alexithymia (as measured by the TAS) is multidimensional and that certain dimensions are state dependent.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Limb shortening secondary to complications of vascular cannulae in the neonatal period.

Four cases of limb shortening presenting in childhood are described. All four children had been managed in a neonatal intensive care unit and had developed complications following the insertion of intravascular cannulae. In two, lower limb shortening and deformity were secondary to direct epiphyseal damage following extravasation of calcium or dextrose from a peripheral venous line. In the other two, forearm shortening followed ischaemia, secondary to either radial artery thrombosis from a radial artery cannula or spasm of the brachial artery following extravasation from a venous cannula in a neonate who also had a radial artery cannula. These cases highlight an important complication of the use of vascular cannulae in neonates and the problems this may pose to the orthopaedic surgeon.

Arm↗
PubMed1989

Puzzling intrauterine insults.

Two male infants were noted at birth to have open wounds involving a forearm. These have been associated with abnormal bone modelling and growth. The cause of these appearances remains unclear and no similar cases have been reported.

Forearm↗
PubMed1988

Validation of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale with substance abusers.

The purposes of this paper were to complete factor and item analyses of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) in a sample of mixed substance abusers and to examine the correlations between patients' TAS scores and other variables. Results indicate that the TAS is a reliable, valid measure of alexithymia for substance abusers. The factor structure we found is congruent with the theoretical construct and is similar to those published in the normative studies; coefficient alpha reliability was 0.68. Additionally, a high percentage of the subjects (50.4%) scored in the alexithymic range while 24% had scores in the nonalexithymic range. Patients' TAS scores were positively associated with Beck Depression Inventory scores, with a reported paternal history of alcoholism, and with attempted suicide; TAS scores were negatively associated with being Black.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Alexithymia: subscales and relationship to depression.

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) scores and derived subscale scores changed in a sample of newly abstinent alcoholic inpatients. Subjects completed the TAS and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) on the date of their application for care (Time 1) and at the end of their 3rd week in treatment (Time 2). Patients' mean BDI scores dropped significantly from Time 1 to Time 2; however, the expected concomitant drop in mean TAS scores did not occur. TAS subscales analysis suggests that the subscale associated with the ability to identify one's feelings and to distinguish them from bodily sensations may capture the alexithymia construct better by itself than when combined with the second 2 subscales, daydreaming and external thinking, to create the total TAS score.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Two cases of Winchester syndrome: with increased urinary oligosaccharide excretion.

We present our findings in two unrelated patients with the characteristic clinical and radiological features of the Winchester syndrome. The histological findings in gum and skin biopsies taken from one of the subjects, indicated excessive collagen turnover (active phagocytosis, an active endoplasmic reticulum, and an abundance of fibrillogranular material of probable collagen origin). An abnormal oligosaccharide was detected in urine from both patients which was identified as a trisaccharide containing one fucose and two galactose residues. The finding of this oligosaccharide may prove a useful marker in other cases of this rare syndrome and may help elucidate the underlying biochemical defect.

Child↗