Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D G Powell.
The association of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and acromegaly, presenting with gross deformity of the skull and fractures of the left femur and right humerus, is described in a 42-year-old Black woman. Possible causative factors are discussed.
During the past 20 years the equine population of Great Britain and Ireland has increased with the result that the practising veterinary surgeon is more frequently called upon to advise on equine problems. A significant portion of this advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of this advice is concerned with the examination of horses showing signs of respiratory disease. Numerous pathogens, which include viruses, bacteria, parasites and moulds invade the respiratory tract causing similar signs of illness. It is therefore difficult to provide an aetiological diagnosis based on a clinical examination. Field studies supported by laboratory investigations have established that influenza and herpes viruses are frequently responsible for outbreaks of disease. Epidemiological studies suggest that other factors including the immune state of the equine population influence the distribution and severity of respiratory disease. The aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and control of equine infectious respiratory disease are discussed below.
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To determine the optimal method of applying abdominal compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 3 levels of pressure (25, 50, and 100 torr) were applied to the abdomen a) continuously and b) as 500 msec pulses at 10 different phases during the CPR cycle in 8 anesthetized dogs. Thoracic aortic (Ao) and right atrial (RA) pressures were measured and PAo-PRA was calculated as the coronary perfusion gradient. A pneumatic piston device provided external chest compression (60/min, 120 lbs, for 50% of the cycle) and ventilation (80% O2, 12/min, at 20cm, H2O). Another identical device provided abdominal compression (AC) via an air-filled bladder. High-pressure (100 torr) AC applied for 500 msec commencing 200 msec prior to chest compression demonstrated the best overall profile, raising mean aortic pressure 26 torr (P less than 0.001) and peak coronary perfusion gradient pressure 17 torr (P less than 0.02) from control values during standard CPR of 58 and 41 torr, respectively. We conclude that applying high-pressure, 500-msec pulses of AC 200 msec before chest compressions significantly improves CPR hemodynamics.
INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of the effectiveness of helicopter emergency medical services is currently a major focus of air transport research, and dispatch judgment likely will play a significant role in any research aimed at measuring outcome or impact. SETTING: Two rotor-wing programs in Alberta, Canada. METHODS: A panel of experts evaluated the effectiveness of a helicopter service in Canada. Four hundred sequential patient records were examined and categorized into four risk levels. Level 1 included patients who required critical intervention. Level 2 included patients in whom a major deterioration of vital signs could be expected. Level 3 patients were those for whom transport by an advanced life support ground unit would have been adequate. Level 4 was strictly for missions in which patient transport by any other means would have been impractical, such as remote locations (these cases were double-rated). RESULTS: Risk level 1 included 98 cases (24.5%); risk level 2, 266 cases (66.5%); risk level 3, 36 cases (9%); and risk level 4, 16 cases, two of which were rated level 1, 11 rated level 2, and three rated level 3. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that in 91% of the reviewed cases, helicopter transport was appropriate, representing a reasonable and judicious use of a helicopter emergency medical service.
The observations reported in this paper were obtained as part of a long term surveillance programme designed to monitor the efficacy of influenza vaccines and study the prevalence of influenza and other respiratory viruses among horses in Britain. Inactivated influenza vaccines were found to be effective in protecting horses from disease caused by influenza A/equine-1 but were less successful in protecting horses against influenza A/equine-2. The paper presents the clinical, epidemiological virological and serological findings obtained between 1971 and 1976.
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