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Biomedical subjects

D G Oreopoulos

Publications and source records attributed to D G Oreopoulos.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Studies in inhibitors of calcification and levels of urine saturation with calcium salts in recurrent stone patients.

Studies have been done on patients with recurrent renal calculous disease, measuring in addition to the usual serum and urine constituents the inhibiting capacity of the urine and the activity products of calcium oxalate, octocalcium phosphate and brushite. Studies on the 24-hour urine calcium, phosphorus and uric acid and serum calcium indicate no essential differences between patients with calcium oxalate, mixed or uric acid stones and normal individuals. We were unable to demonstrate a difference in the inhibiting capacity of the urine between normal individuals and patients with calcium oxalate calculi, and levels of saturation of urine with calcium oxalate were identical in the calcium oxalate stone patients and normal individuals. The degree of saturation of urine with calcium phosphate is significantly greater in stone patients.

Calcification, Physiologic↗
PubMed1978

Influence of exchange volume and dialysate flow rate on solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis.

To find the ideal dialysate flow rate and exchange volume for use in long-term peritoneal dialysis, 10 patients were studied over a period of 1.5 yr. Exchange volumes of 1 or 2 liters and dialysate flow rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 liters/hr were tested. Dextrose concentration remained constant at 1.5 g/100 ml. Peritoneal clearances for BUN, creatinine, and uric acid were calculated at 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 hr during dialysis making a total of 120 clearances for each patient. All patients used a reverse osmosis automatic machine. The clearance of all three solutes tended to be higher with exchange volumes of 2 liters than they did with 1 liter; this trend was significant for BUN (P less than 0.025) and uric acid (P less than 0.025) but not for creatinine. There was a significant rise in clearance with increasing flow rates per hour for all solutes as shown in the following table. (Formula: see text), Since patients could not tolerate a flow rate of 6 liters/hr, we conclude that flow rate of 4 liters/hr with a 2-liter exchange will give maximum efficiency.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1978

A roentgenologic study of cortical bone resorption in chronic renal failure.

Periosteal, intracortical, and endosteal resorptive changes were evaluated in both hands and the proximal radius in 161 chronic renal-failure patients by microradioscopy, radiographic morphometry, and photodensitometry. These changes were compared to abnormalities found in skeletal surveys. A combination of microradioscopy and morphometry of hand bones was sufficiently sensitive for early detection of bone loss in renal osteodystrophy in 61% of the patients. Intracortical resorption in metacarpals appeared to be a sign of more advanced renal osteodystrophy than subperiosteal resorption in phalanges. Photodensitometric findings in the radius generally agreed with microradioscopic and morphometric findings in hand bones.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Since the introduction of the permanent peritoneal catheter, interest in chronic peritoneal dialysis is increasing. The automatic peritoneal dialysis cycler and the reverse osmosis peritoneal dialysis machine have been other development that made chronic peritoneal possible. Chronic peritoneal dialysis is indicated for the children, the elderly, those without hemodialysis access sites, those living along (for home dialysis) and the diabetics, whose retinopathy seems to progress less on peritoneal dialysis than on hemodialysis. Patients awaiting a kidney transplant can be maintained equally satisfactorily on peritoneal dialysis as on hemodialysis. Because of its simplicity almost any patient can be trained for home peritoneal dialysis, and a high incidence of rehabilitation can be achieved. A flow rate of 4 1/hr with 21 exchanges, 40 hours a week, seem to the ideal dialysis requirements. Complications of chronic peritoneal dialysis include those related to the permanent catheter such as one or two way obstruction and those related the dialysis itself. The latter can be either acute (i.e. peritonitis etc.) or chornic such as neuropathy, renal osteodystrophy, anemia etc. Integrated with hemodialysis and transplantation, peritoneal provides the nephrologists with the ability to treat his patients with the most appropriate treatment.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1978

Periosteal resorption of finger phalanges: radial versus ulnar surfaces.

Measurement of periosteal resorption (PR) at the radial and ulnar surfaces of the second, third and fourth middle phalanges of one hand in 60 normals and 61 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients showed generally higher involvement at the radial than the ulnar surfaces; however, best diagnostic results were achieved when PR was measured at both radial and ulnar surfaces of the index finger only. With the quantitative method, 31 of 61 CRF patients showed changes, whereas only 22 were identified with the grading method.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of intermittent with continuous peritoneal dialysis.

Our experience with 41 patients on CAPD is presented (127 patient months). Thirty-three patients were previously on intermittent peritoneal dialysis. We used 4 exchanges of 2 L each per 24 hours (8, 6, 6 and 4 hours dwell times). There was a dramatic fall in serum creatinine of 27%, BUN fell 22%, total CO2 rose 15%. Haemoglobin rose 10% and serum albumin fell by 5%. The incidence of peritonitis was one episode per 7.1 patient months. All patients noted an increase in well being. There were almost no dietary restrictions and patients gained real body weight. In most instances, their antihypertensive medication could be discontinued. This technique is superior to all the other forms of peritoneal dialysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Metabolic balance studies in patients with Paget's disease receiving salmon calcitonin over long periods.

Metabolic balance and calcium kinetic studies were performed in four patients with Paget's disease before treatment with salmon calcitonin and during the early and late stages of the treatment, which lasted 9 to 19 months, A significant decrease in bone turnover and 24-hour urine hydroxyproline and serum alkaline phosphatase values was observed in all patients. In contrast, the calcium, phosphorus and magnesium balances did not change significantly. In agreement with this, the partial body calcium, measured by in vivo neutron activation analysis, did not change. Intestinal calcium absorption increased initially, but returned to baseline levels 9 to 19 months after the study began. During the initial period there was a small, significant, but transient decrease in tubular reabsorption of phosphorus; this was accompanied by a significant decrease in serum phosphorus values--probably a direct effect of calcitonin rather than evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Administration of salmon calcitonin to patients with Paget's disease decreases bone turnover without affecting calcium and phosphorus balances.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Home peritoneal dialysis: 3 years' experience in Toronto.

From November 1972 to November 1975, 52 males and 39 females aged 11 to 71 years were trained for home peritoneal dialysis. Dialysis was performed through a permanent catheter 4 nights a week. The first 11 patients used the manual system, exchanging 2 / of dialysate solution every 50 to 60 minutes. Subsequently 73 patients used the automatic cycler and commercially available dialysate and 7 patients used Tenckhoff's reverse osmosis peritoneal dialysis machine. The average duration of training was 15, 11.6 and 15 dialysis days, respectively, for the three methods. For the 83 patients followed up, the average duration of home dialysis was 8.3 months (range, 0.5 to 33 months); the total number of dialyses at home was 10 571. Ten received a transplant, 20 were transferred to hospital peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis, 8 died and 48 continued with home dialysis. Twenty-three patients had a total of 33 episodes of peritonitis, an incidence of 27.7% among the patients in the program for up to 3 years or 0.3% among all the dialyses. By November 1975, 46 patients had returned to their predialysis lifestyle, 18 were working part-time, 10 were able to work but were not doing so, and 9 were unable to work or care for themselves.

Adolescent↗