Surface characterization of a series of polyurethanes by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and contact angle methods.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle methods were used to examine the surfaces of an homologous series of poly(ether urethane) (PEU) samples before and after cleaning treatments. Four PEU films with Shore hardnesses varying from 45 to 75 D were studied as well as two commercially available intravenous catheters of related PEUs. The four as received PEU films have similar surface compositions (approximately 79% C, approximately 17% O, approximately 2% N, and approximately 2% Si) although they differ in bulk composition. Critical surface tension (gamma c) values are all similar and high (45-46 dynes/cm). The similarity in the surfaces of the four PEUs, despite the differences in their mechanical properties, demonstrates that surface properties do not necessarily reflect bulk properties. Soap washing and methanol-acetone extraction of the PEU films resulted in surfaces more representative of the bulk compositions of the PEUs. Analysis of the intravenous catheters confirmed that they are lubricated with PDMS, a common practice in the medical device industry. This study documents the value of detailed surface analysis for an enhanced understanding of the surface zone of PEUs. It also illustrates how cleaning protocols can remove labile surface species.