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Biomedical subjects

D G Beevers

Publications and source records attributed to D G Beevers.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Reduced platelet function in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

The hypothesis that abnormalities of platelet function may relate to the occurrence or recurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been examined. Seventy patients with SAH and 65 control individuals were studied. The adenosine diphosphate (ADP) threshold for secondary platelet aggregation was significantly higher in the SAH group than in the controls. In tests using 4.0 micrograms/ml ADP, the percent platelet aggregation (at 2 minutes) and the maximum rate of platelet aggregation (over 20 seconds) were significantly lower in the SAH patients. There was no difference in total platelet count between the two groups. Platelet adhesiveness was lower in the SAH patients when compared to controls. Circulating microaggregates did not differ between the two groups. The results indicate that reduced platelet function does relate to SAH and may either contribute to aneurysmal rupture in cases of SAH or be a consequence of it.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The role of alcohol in hypertension.

The association between alcohol and hypertension was first described by Lian in 1915. He found that the prevalence of hypertension was high in heavy drinkers. However, this association did not receive much attention until the past 20 years. In this relatively short time, several epidemiological and a few clinical studies have been performed to investigate this association. In this article, the various studies are discussed, with a review of the possible mechanisms and a discussion of the importance of this association.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1985

Bucindolol.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Relation between initial blood pressure and its fall with treatment.

The relation between pre-treatment blood-pressure and the fall in pressure after treatment was examined for most classes of antihypertensive drugs. Positive correlations were demonstrated for all drugs, for placebo, and for bed rest. This suggests that for all manoeuvres response is related to the height of the pretreatment pressure. Substitution of the pre-treatment and achieved pressures by random numbers reveals that positive correlations are mathematically inevitable and do not indicate any action on a basic mechanism of essential hypertension. After statistical correction for mathematical associations between the variables the apparent effects were generally lost. A correlation between the pre-treatment value of any variable and its change after a therapeutic intervention thus may not be valid.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1985

Similarity of blood pressure in blacks, whites and Asians in England: the Birmingham Factory Study.

Factory workers aged 16-64 years were screened for ethnic differences in blood pressure. The 78% response rate was evenly spread between whites (439 men; 164 women), black West Indians (173 men; 101 women) and Asians (172 men). Mean systolic and diastolic pressures by age decade in men were similar in all three groups, but there was a modest excess of both higher and lower blood pressures in blacks and Asians. Older black women had higher blood pressures than whites, but body mass indices were 2-5 kg/m2 greater. Multiple regression analysis revealed no significant effect of ethnic group on either systolic or diastolic blood pressure variance and that the higher pressures in black women were accounted for by differences in age and body mass index. The influence of body mass index was more marked on diastolic than systolic pressure. In men, alcohol intake and a family history of hypertension had small independent positive effects on systolic pressure. The lack of black/white difference in blood pressure differs from the United States results and may be due to the similarity in social class of participants. This should be confirmed in further population samples with larger numbers of black (and Asian) subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Clinical evaluation of the Infrasonde D4000 blood pressure monitor.

Choosing a blood pressure machine from their ever increasing number is often difficult due to lack of performance data. We have evaluated a new automated non-invasive blood pressure recorder, the Infrasonde D4000. In comparison with the Hawksley random zero mercury sphygmomanometer the Infrasonde showed less variability for both systolic and diastolic readings. However, it was found to record significantly lower mean systolic and diastolic pressures.

Blood Pressure Determination↗
PubMed1985

Pseudo-phaeochromocytoma due to alcohol withdrawal.

Alcohol withdrawal hypertension is a common clinical problem which often goes unrecognized. We report a case in which the symptoms and signs of withdrawal with a marked elevation in blood pressure mimicked the features of a phaeochromocytoma. Despite a positive phentolamine test no further evidence for phaeochromocytoma was found and both blood pressure and symptoms settled as the features of alcohol withdrawal abated.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Diurnal variation of and activity during the onset of stroke.

The diurnal variation in the onset of stroke was examined in 557 consecutive patients aged over 70 years. These included 194 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, 118 with intracerebral hemorrhage, and 245 with thromboembolic cerebral infarction. All three types of strokes exhibited a peak incidence between 1000 and 1200 hours. Intracerebral hemorrhages occurred less frequently between 0400 and 0600 hours, but there were no differences between the groups for the other time periods. There was no difference in the time of onset of stroke between normotensive and treated or untreated hypertensive patients. There were more untreated hypertensive patients in the intracerebral hemorrhage group than in the other stroke type groups. Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred more frequently in the lavatory and during sexual and sporting activity. Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred more commonly during driving or the consumption of alcohol. Cerebral infarction occurred more frequently during sleep or was noticed on waking. No differences were found for the other activities examined. The relationship between diurnal variation in stroke and the known variation in blood pressure is discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of blood pressure machines.

After examining published papers and our own experiences we suggest some simple guidelines for future studies which compare sphygmomanometers. The sample should be stratified to cover a wide range of blood pressures. Observers should measure pressures using a balanced cross-over design under standard conditions. Data should be shown on a scatterplot to allow visual estimation of bias, variability of readings and non-linear relationships. Statistical analyses if universally applied would allow comparison of studies. We suggest the use of the following common methods; the mean of the differences between paired readings with standard deviation, linear regression with both zero and non-zero intercepts and analysis of variance.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

Cigarette smoking, blood pressure and the control of blood glucose in the development of diabetic retinopathy.

We have investigated the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and cigarette smoking, blood pressure, control of blood glucose, duration of diabetes and insulin requirement in a cross sectional study of 193 adult patients attending 2 diabetic follow-up clinics. Multiple discriminate analysis demonstrated that the duration of diabetes was closely related to the development of retinopathy in both sexes. Cigarette smoking was related to retinopathy in men but not in women, although in that group the prevalence of smoking was low. The average blood glucose whilst attending the clinic was weakly related to retinopathy in men only whereas the presence of hypertension was weakly related in women only. Cigarette smoking in men at least may be an aggravating factor for diabetic retinopathy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Pressor effect of alcohol in hypertension.

The effect of alcohol on blood-pressure was studied in 16 men with hypertension who regularly drank up to 80 g of alcohol daily. Antihypertensive treatment was stopped 2 weeks before the men were admitted to hospital for a 7-day study. Blood pressure remained high in 8 patients who continued their regular alcohol consumption up to the fourth day after admission. In the next 4 days no alcohol was taken and diastolic and systolic blood pressures fell significantly. 8 other patients had no alcohol for the first 3 days after admission, but they resumed alcohol consumption from day 4 to 7. In these patients, blood pressure fell slightly after admission. Reintroduction of alcohol produced statistically significant increases in both systolic and diastolic pressures. This study demonstrated a pressor effect of alcohol in patients with hypertension and confirms the link between alcohol and blood-pressure reported in population studies. The mechanism of alcohol-induced hypertension is uncertain and is more likely to be due to an effect of alcohol rather than to the pressor response produced by alcohol withdrawal.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1984

Bucindolol: effects on blood pressure, airways resistance and serum creatine phosphokinase.

The effect of bucindolol on pulse, blood pressure and airways resistance was studied in eight patients. One hour after 150 mg bucindolol, a significant decrease in supine, standing and post-exercise blood pressure was observed. No change in blood pressure occurred 10 to 14 h after doses ranging from 50-150 mg indicating that bucindolol has a relatively short duration of action. A dose related inhibition of exercise induced tachycardia was observed consistant with beta-receptor blocking activity. However, there was no change in the resting pulse indicating partial sympathomimetic activity. There was no increase in airways resistance at all doses of bucindolol. Serum creatine phosphokinase increased beyond normal limits in 3 out of 6 patients studied, probably due to a direct effect upon skeletal muscle.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1984

Effect of alcohol withdrawal on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, cortisol and dopamine beta-hydroxylase.

Sixty-five alcoholic patients admitted for detoxification had blood pressure, withdrawal symptoms, plasma cortisol (PC) and plasma aldosterone (PA) levels, plasma renin activity (PRA), and serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) levels measured on the first and fourth days after admission. On the morning after admission blood pressure was elevated (greater than 140/90) in 32 patients (49%) and was 160/95 mmHg or more in 21 (32%). PRA was initially elevated in 41 patients, PA levels in 14, and 13 patients had raised PC levels. By the fourth day, blood pressure and biochemical measures had fallen significantly while urine volume and sodium output, low on admission, had increased significantly. On admission urinary metanephrine levels were raised in four out of the 31 patients who had them measured. The height of both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures was significantly related to the severity of the alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Of the biochemical parameters measured, PC level correlated with systolic but not diastolic pressure, and urinary volume was inversely correlated with the height of the diastolic pressure. No relationship was found between blood pressure and PRA or PA level. The pressor effect of alcohol withdrawal could be due to sympathetic nervous system overactivity, or possibly to hypercortisolaemia . The first hypothesis seems more likely.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The problem of hypertension in aviators.

Any pilot who is found to have a diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg should be investigated and grounded or restricted to multi-crew operation pending control of the blood pressure. Those subsequently receiving thiazide diuretics should have their serum potassium level checked when established on treatment, and potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics prescribed if necessary. Treatment including beta-blocking therapy will require satisfactory performance testing. Cigarette smoking should be strongly and actively discouraged in pilots. High alcohol consumption is clearly hazardous and is a cause of hypertension. Useful biochemical markers of alcohol abuse include mean cell volume and gamma glutamyl transferase. There are abundant reasons for a conservative approach to new antihypertensive drugs in professional aircrew.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1984

Standardized methods for comparison of sphygmomanometers.

Medical research in general and equipment comparisons in particular suffer from a deficiency and disparity of statistical analysis. We studied four semi-automatic sphygmomanometers in comparison with the Hawksley random zero mercury manometer. The Astropulse 80 showed marked deviation from the standard machine in average blood pressure recorded and greater variation of readings. The Infrasonde M3010, Bosomat II and Infrasonde D4000 were similar to the standard machine. To help comparability in future studies we suggest the following guidelines; blood pressures to be taken under standard conditions, data to be shown as scatterplots, analysis of variance to be performed and regression analysis to be used only to give an approximate overall view. Finally, we urge the manufacturing companies to conduct such studies and include the results in their brochures.

Blood Pressure Determination↗