How to "talk" with vendors--place orders--avoid back orders--and save thousands!
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Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499↗
Biomedical subjects
D Fraser
Publications and source records attributed to D Fraser.
Factors associated with low reported energy intake in the elderly.
BACKGROUND: Underreporting of dietary intake can be estimated by the Energy Ratio (ER) between reported energy intake (EI) and calculated total energy expenditure (TEE). The gap between EI and TEE is usually attributed to underreporting. In elderly populations, compromised dietary intake and health status may offer alternative explanations to this gap. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize "underreporting" of dietary intake and low energy reporters (LER) among the elderly. DESIGN: Participants aged 65 years and over, were recruited using random population sampling of the Negev population. Data were collected using the 24-h recall method with additional demographic and age-specific health questionnaires. ER was calculated using the ratio between reported energy intake and calculated TEE computed by the Schofield formula. LER were defined as those with reported energy intake of less than 0.8 calculated BMR using the Schofield formula. RESULTS: We restricted our analysis to 191 elderly aged 65-74 y and 177 aged 75 y and older who reported their diet to be "as usual." In univariate analyses, BMI < 22, better health status, use of fewer than four medications and good reported appetite were significantly related to higher ER. No difference was shown in ER by gender, level of education, and family status. Weight loss superior 5 kg was associated with low ER (p = 0.049). In a linear regression model, low ER (indicating "underreporting") was significantly associated with higher activity level and use of over four medications. Using a dichotomous approach, Low Energy Reporters (LER) used a higher number of medications, ate fewer food items per day and suffered from poorer appetite. CONCLUSIONS: In the elderly, ER < 1 may indicate underreporting in dietary intake, and indeed, is frequent among the obese. Nonetheless, among the elderly, ER < 1 may reflect truly low caloric intake. Our results suggest that, to some degree, health status variables are associated with decreased ER, supporting a true caloric deprivation state.
Aged↗
Characteristics of alcohol abusers among incidental primary health clinic attenders in an Israeli development town.
BACKGROUND: The belief that alcoholism is rare among Jews appears to be tenable no longer. High rates of alcohol abuse are being reported in subgroups of the population and in socially disadvantageously placed persons. The main objective of this study was to search for etiologic clues for alcohol abuse in different ethnic groups in a development town in southern Israel. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was answered by 152 randomly selected incidental attenders at a primary health care clinic. Alcohol abuse was determined using the CAGE questionnaire. RESULTS: The rate of present-time alcohol abuse was 17% and 20% among male Indian and non-Indian clinic attenders, respectively, while life-time abuse was 37% and 25%, respectively. These findings were considerably higher than the reported national rates of 2-3%. Differences were found between alcohol abusers in the various ethnic groups. Non-Indian life-time abusers were characterized by more frequent use of medical services, more reported physical and mental symptoms, more use of psychotropic drugs, and higher rates of unemployment. CONCLUSIONS: These differences suggest that the non-Indians may include symptomatic drinkers, while the Indians, we propose, may be alcohol abusers for cultural reasons. The extent of the alcohol abuse problem detected in this survey indicates that a major public health issue may exist in development town populations.
Alcoholism↗
Ulcerative colitis in Israel: epidemiology, morbidity, and genetics.
We have reviewed the epidemiology of ulcerative colitis in Israel. Ulcerative colitis is twice as common as Crohn's disease, and has increased in frequency in both sexes and in all ethnic sections of the Jewish population since 1960. The disease is more prevalent in European- and American-born Jews than in Asian- and African-born Jews and Israeli-born Jews, but this difference appears to be decreasing in magnitude. With the exception of European- and American-born Jews, ulcerative colitis is less prevalent in Israel than in Jews living elsewhere. Major regional differences in disease severity by sex, and in the extent of colonic involvement, were detected. Colorectal cancer occurs less frequently in colitis patients in Israel than elsewhere. The peak age at onset is 15-30 years, with Israeli-born colitis patients having a significantly earlier mean age at onset. Genetic and environmental causative factors are incompletely understood. The disease has become more prevalent in the Arab population.
Colitis, Ulcerative↗
Epidemiological data of Crohn's disease in Israel: etiological implications.
We have reviewed the public health aspects of Crohn's disease in Israel. Crohn's disease has increased in frequency in the Jewish population of Israel over the past twenty years, although it is still less common than ulcerative colitis. The increase has occurred in both sexes and in European- and American-born, Asian- and African-born, and Israeli-born Jews. Crohn's disease is, however, less prevalent in Israel than in Jews living abroad, with the exception of European- and American-born Jews who have a high frequency of the disease. Jews originating from middle European countries are at a particularly high risk. The peak age at onset is 20-29 years, with Israeli-born persons developing the disease at a relatively early age. Intestinal cancer is a rare complication in this country. The rate of familial involvement is apparently lower than that reported elsewhere. There are no adequate data on environmental factors causing the disease. The disease remains rare in the Arab population.
Age Factors↗
Cervical lesions in Israeli women.
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Cervix Uteri↗
Epidemiology of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium infections in childhood.
Giardia lamblia infections are now recognized as having a considerable health impact in industrialized regions, while the pathogenicity of G. lamblia in endemic areas has not been fully established. Cryptosporidium infections have emerged over the past two decades as a major health concern in developed and developing nations alike. In addition, the organism is implicated in persistent diarrhea and is associated with malnutrition and adverse growth effects in populations with high diarrhea morbidity rates. The immune response has been shown to be intimately involved with prevention of organism attachment to the intestinal epithelium, clearing of infection once it is established, and the development of protective immunity. Many unresolved issues remain regarding the immunologic response to parasitic infections. In addition, it is envisaged that future studies, using improved parasite detection methods, will shed light on the role of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium in human disease. Some of the questions awaiting resolution relate to susceptibility of infection in certain population groups, the role of asymptomatic infection in parasite transmission, the association between G. lamblia infection and nutritional status in particular, and the pathogenic role of G. lamblia in endemic areas in general.
Animals↗