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Biomedical subjects

D Fournier

Publications and source records attributed to D Fournier.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Purification and preliminary characterization of the glycoprotein Ib complex in the human platelet membrane.

Human platelet glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib) is a major integral membrane protein that has been identified as the platelet-binding site mediating the factor VIII/von Willebrand-factor-dependent adhesion of platelets to vascular subendothelium. Recent evidence suggests that GP Ib is normally complexed with another platelet membrane protein, GP IX. In this study, human platelet plasma membranes were selectively solubilized with a buffer containing 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100. The GP Ib complex (GP Ib plus GP IX) was purified to homogeneity in approximately 30% yield by immunoaffinity chromatography of the membrane extract using the anti-(glycoprotein Ib complex) murine monoclonal antibody, WM 23, coupled to agarose. GP Ib and GP IX were subsequently isolated as purified components by immunoaffinity chromatography of the GP Ib complex using a second anti-(glycoprotein Ib complex) monoclonal antibody, FMC 25, coupled to agarose. As assessed by dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, purified GP Ib was identical to the molecule on intact platelets and had an apparent relative molecular mass of 170 000 under nonreducing conditions and 135 000 (alpha subunit) and 25 000 (beta subunit) under reducing conditions. GP IX had an apparent Mr of 22 000 under both nonreducing and reducing conditions. Purified Gb Ib complex and GP Ib inhibited the ristocetin-mediated, human factor VIII/von Willebrand-factor-dependent and bovine factor VIII/von Willebrand-factor-dependent agglutination of washed human platelets suggesting the proteins had been isolated in functionally active form. GP Ib alpha had a similar amino acid composition to that previously reported for its proteolytic degradation product, glycocalicin. The amino acid compositions of GP Ib beta and GP IX were similar but showed marked differences in the levels of glutamic acid, alanine, histidine and arginine. The N-termini of GP Ib alpha and GP IX were blocked; GP Ib beta had the N-terminal sequence, Ile-Pro-Ala-Pro-. On crossed immunoelectrophoresis, both GP Ib and GP IX were found to occur in the same immunoprecipitin arc(s) whether the platelets had been solubilized in the absence or presence of the calcium-dependent protease inhibitor, leupeptin. Binding studies in platelet-rich plasma indicated a similar number of binding sites (means +/- SD) for three anti-(glycoprotein Ib complex) monoclonal antibodies: AN 51, epitope on GP Ib alpha (22 000 +/- 2700, n = 3), WM 23, epitope on GP Ib alpha (21 000 +/- 3400, n = 3), FMC 25, epitope on GP IX (20 100 +/- 2700, n = 3), and FMC 25 (Fab')2 (27 100 +/- 800, n = 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Single-mosquito test to determine genotypes with an acetylcholinesterase insensitive to inhibition to propoxur insecticide.

A sensitive technique allowing to identify the three genotypes (AceSS, AceRR and AceRS) of the Ace gene existing in natural populations of Culex pipiens in southern France is described. The technique is based on the comparison of AChE (acetylcholinesterase) activity in 3 equal aliquots taken from the homogenate of a single mosquito (a) in absence of inhibitor (RA), (b) in presence of eserine that inhibits the AChE encoded by AceS and AceR alleles (RI) and (c) in presence of a concentration of propoxur inhibiting the AChE coded by the AceS allele but not by the AceR allele (RG). The mosquito tested is AceSS when RG = RI, AceRR when RG = RA and AceRS when RI less than RG less than RA.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1985

Choledochoscopy in common bile duct surgery for choledocholithiasis: A must: Eight years experience in 441 consecutive patients.

Between 1975 and 1983, 441 choledochoscopy were performed in a series of 451 consecutive patients undergoing surgical common biliary duct exploration for choledocholithiasis. In 127 patients (27.8%), no stones were found. Forty-five cases (10%) of choledocholithiasis missed by surgical and radiologic exploration methods were found by choledochoscopy. Therefore the retained stone rate decreased from 10 per cent to 2 per cent. Fourteen patients (3%) died at surgery, ten of whom (2%) were over 70. Postoperative biliary tract was drained in 98 patients (8%) using external drainage. Biliary tract patency was checked on the tenth postoperative day by the tube cholangiography. When retained stones were not found, T-tube was removed on the 20th day after surgery. When retained stones were found (11 patients, 2%) an endoscopic papillotomy was performed. Choledochoscopy is a significant addition in biliary surgery. It reduces operative mortality and morbidity, decreases retained stone rate, diminishes indications for biliary anastomosis and sphincterotomy, and is easy to perform without specific training. Its extensive and systematic use is advocated when- ever common bile duct patency has to be surgically demonstrated in choledocholithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Choledochoscopy in surgery for choledocholithiasis. Six year experience in 380 consecutive patients.

Choledochoscopy is a definite advance in biliary surgery as it simplifies the operative procedure and decreases the retained stone rate. Easy to perform without special training, its use is cost-effective. Therefore, we agree with Kappes et al [10] recommendation that routine intraoperative biliary endoscopy be performed in all patients undergoing common bile duct exploration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Aorto-enteric and paraprosthetic fistulas. Apropos of 5 cases].

Five cases of aorto-enteric fistula (AEF) are reported. The first case was a primary AEF from rupture of the infrarenal section of the abdominal aorta treated successfully by an obliteration and graft. The second patient had a primary AEF from rupture of an abdominal aorta aneurysm, complicated after an obliteration and graft of the primary AEF, requiring excision of the graft and an extra-anatomical shunt (EAS): healing following parenteral hypernutrition. The third case, a patient with a primary AEF from rupture of an aortic adventitial cyst in the left colon, died from septic complications. The fourth case died with heart rhythm disorders on the 4th day after resection and EAS for an aortic fistula. The fifth patient had a secondary AEF with cataclysmic digestive hemorrhage: excision of the graft with digestive closure and aortofemoral bypass did not prevent a fatal outcome on the 20 th day. Digestive hemorrhage and septic signs may be combined or occur as isolated complications. The most valid complementary investigation is fibroscopy, bacteriological culture of arterial blood distal to the prosthesis having an orientation value. Ultrasound, computed tomography or Gallium scintigraphy imaging may detect a retroperitoneal abscess. Effective treatment of all aneurysms can prevent primary AEF and avoidance of infection and interpositioning of viable tissue between duodenum and anastomotic line reduce the risk of secondary AEF. Maximum chances of success require aggressive surgery: aortic ligature; excision of all septic material and duodenal closure or segmental digestive resection with discharge of proximal pocket. Lower limb ischemia is treated by insertion of an EAS.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Surgery of biliary lithiasis in patients over 75 years of age. Apropos of 139 cases].

The authors report the results of the surgical removal of bilestones in 139 patients over 75 years of age, taken from a series of 1 179 cases. The low mortality (4.3%) and morbidity rates are due to a non-aggressive protocol, especially in the treatment of choledocholithiasis. They conclude that advanced age does not necessarily imply a need for systematic alteration of the therapeutic approach.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of carbohydrate incorporation in transformed cells by a cancer-associated galactosyltransferase acceptor (CAGA).

The effect of cancer-associated galactosyltransferase acceptor (CAGA) on incorporation of a variety of macromolecular precursors has been studied in transformed and nontransformed cells. Incorporation of [3H]-mannose, [3H]-galactose, and [3H]-glucosamine into acid precipitable material after one-hour pulse was inhibited more than 70% within four hours after exposure to CAGA in polyoma-transformed BHK cells and within eight hours after exposure in chick embryo fibroblasts infected with a temperature-sensitive RSV mutant (Ts68) grown at the permissive temperature (CEF-RSV 37 degrees C). Initial short-term rate of uptake (less than one minute) and total long-term uptake (one hour) of the labelled carbohydrates (acid-soluble and acid-insoluble material) was inhibited less than 15% over this period. Incorporation of 14C-leucine, 3H-serine, 3H-uridine, and 3H-thymidine into acid-precipitable material was also inhibited greater than 85% in transformed cells, but more than 12-hour exposure to CAGA was required before maximal inhibition was detected. Uptake of these labelled precursors was inhibited less than 20% up to eight hours after exposure to CAGA. In nontransformed cells (BHK and CEF) incorporation of labelled monosaccharides as well as protein and nucleic acid precursors into acid-precipitable material was reduced less than 25% up to 12 hours following exposure to CAGA. Infected CEF grown at the nonpermissive temperature (CEF-RSV 41 degrees C) were affected to an extent similar to other nontransformed cells. These data suggest that the specific action of CAGA on transformed cells may be due to inhibition of glycoconjugate synthesis.

Animals↗