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Biomedical subjects

D Fisher

Publications and source records attributed to D Fisher.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Transit of a meal through the stomach, small intestine, and colon in normal subjects and its role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea.

A method for measuring the transit time of a meal, containing sausages, mashed potato, baked beans, and a pineapple custard dessert, through the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated in 14 healthy volunteers. Gastric emptying was determined by incorporating a radioactive marker in the meal and counting over the surface of the stomach using a crystal scintillation detector. Small intestinal transit time was determined by measuring breath hydrogen excretion and by estimating the radioactivity over the cecum. Finally, whole gut transit time was measured by incorporating radiopaque plastic markers or carmine red in the meal and estimating the appearance of these markers in the stool. Our results showed that measurements of small intestinal transit time were reproducible and in the majority of subjects the increase in hydrogen excretion occurred at the same time as the increase in radioactive counts over the surface of the cecum. The passage of the first marker in the stool coincided with the appearance of carmine red. There were no significant correlations between small intestinal transit time and whole gut transit time or the half time for gastric emptying. Incorporation of 10, 25, and 40 g lactulose into our standard meal in place of sucrose increased the rate of transit through the small intestine but did not significantly alter the rate of gastric emptying or the whole gut transit time. Total stool weight for 48 hr after ingestion of the meal was inversely related to whole gut transit time but not to small intestinal transit time suggesting that the tendency to develop diarrhea in response to a meal containing unabsorbable carbohydrate depends more on the lack of colonic accommodation than on the rate of small intestinal transit. Finally, there was no significant correlation between the measurements of small intestinal transit time after a drink of lactulose and the transit time of a meal in the same subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Interaction of phospholipid membranes with poly(ethylene glycol)s.

1. The water-soluble polymer, poly(ethylene glycol), causes concentration-dependent increases in the temperature of the gel--liquid crystalline phase transitions of aqueous dispersions of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylethanolamine. 2. For dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine it has been further demonstrated that poly(ethylene glycol) increases the transition enthalpy and entropy while decreasing the cooperativity of the transition. 3. These results are discussed in relation to the possible modes of action of poly(ethylene glycol) in promoting cell fusion.

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning↗
PubMed1979

Central nervous system action of bombesin: mechanism to induce hyperglycemia.

Bombesin acts within the brain to produce a prompt and sustained hyperglycemia, hyperglucagonemia, and relative or absolute hypoinsulinemia. Bombesin does not decrease plasma glucose turnover. Acute adrenalectomy but not hypophysectomy prevents hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia after intracisternal administration of bombesin. Administration of bombesin into the lateral ventricle of awake, unrestrained animals results in elevation of plasma glucose, preceded by a significant increase in plasma epinephrine and no increase in plasma norepinephrine or dopamine. Systemic administration of somatostatin prevents bombesin-induced hyperglycemia and hyperglucagonemia. These data support the conclusion that bombesin acts within the brain to increase sympathetic outflow resulting in increased adrenalmedullary epinephrine secretion, followed by depression of plasma insulin and elevation of plasma glucagon and glucose.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1976

[Celiac disease].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1976

Effects of calcium ions and the bivalent cation ionophore A23187 on the agglutination and fusion of chicken erythrocytes by Sendai virus.

1. Ca2+ (0.4-16 mM) had no detectable action on the agglutination of hen erythrocytes by Sendai virus. 2. Pretreatment of the cells with Ca2+ (0.1-8 mM) in the presence of the bivalent cation ionophore A23187 led, however, to a significant decrease in the subsequent agglutination of the cells by the virus. 3. It thus appears that the entry of Ca2+ into the interior of these cells decreases cellular agglutination by Sendai virus; possible interpretations of this phenomenon are discussed in terms of the movement of intramembranous particles. 4. With a small number of virions, maximum cell fusion by Sendai virus occurred in the presence of EGTA [ethanedioxybis(ethylamine)tetra-acetate]. 5. Virus-induced cell fusion was significantly decreased by Ca2+, even at a concentration of 0.2 mM; it is suggested that this may result from diminished interactions between virus particles and erythrocyte membranes.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1976

28. The nursing home project of the Iowa Health Services Data System.

The long-term care project of the Iowa Hospital Association has demonstrated the feasibility and utility of a multipurpose data system for nursing homes and related institutions. Important features of the Iowa system are emphasis on the needs and constraints of those providing care and collecting the data; prior establishment of specific criteria for the content of the system; the use of three related forms (admission, evaluation, and discharge) to produce current reports; and ease, flexibility, and transferability. A significant byproduct of the demonstration project was improved record keeping and patient care planning by the 14 participating facilities. Major problems encountered were lack of experience on the part of nursing homes and external regulatory agencies in defining their data needs and using data effectively, and financial support. Contribution to cost by external agencies in return for data and a major commitment to educational programs, both initial and continuing, are seen as essential to the success of long-term care data systems.

Health Occupations↗
PubMed1976

Moral behavior, an invitation to enquiry.

The term Moral Behavior is used to designate that behavior which best promotes the cooperation and peaceful coexistance of human beings. The present and future behavior of Executives and Legislators is to a great extent dependent on the moral behavior of those involved with or controlled by authoritative figures. The subject of Moral Behavior has been written about by many disciplines. However, the subject has not been reviewed on a multidisciplinary basis looking to the possibility of making definite recommendations in areas which might effect positive changes.

Humans↗