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Biomedical subjects

D Finlay

Publications and source records attributed to D Finlay.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Chronic ankle instability: the value of talar tilt under general anaesthesia.

Ankle inversion injuries are the most common injury in sport and yet treatment is controversial. One result is chronic ankle instability, an injury for which criteria for surgical intervention are unclear. This prospective study of 14 patients showed that a large proportion of patients had no detectable abnormality on preoperative investigation, but were subsequently shown to have an abnormality under general anaesthesia. This suggests that a good history of chronic instability is more sensitive an indicator than conventional investigations. Stress views under anaesthesia may confirm the problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Application of monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISAs to detect verotoxins in cattle faeces.

b1p4wich ELISAs, which use monoclonal antibodies for both the capture and the completion stages, were developed for the detection of verotoxins I and II (non-variant). The ELISAs were used to investigate the incidence of verotoxins in 304 samples of bovine faeces collected from cases of enteritis, and 113 samples collected from normal animals. For most samples, the tests were carried out directly on faeces, and on colony sweeps which were taken from cultures grown from the faeces. These colonies were either grown directly from faeces (mixed colony sweep) or from a coliform culture purified from this (purified colony sweep). All the positive ELISA reactions were investigated by Vero cell cytotoxicity assays for the confirmation of verotoxins. The largest numbers of ELISA-positive reactions which were confirmed by cytotoxicity assays were obtained with mixed colony sweeps. Verotoxin activity was confirmed in 74 (24 per cent) of the samples from cases of enteritis and from 35 (31 per cent) of the normal faeces samples. The occurrence of ELISA reactions unconfirmed by cytotoxicity assays and high cytotoxicity levels with low ELISA readings indicated the presence of non-toxic verotoxin epitopes and the presence of toxic verotoxin variants in the samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Examination of milk samples from experimentally infected heifers by an N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase test and an antigen-capture ELISA.

Milk samples collected from normal and experimentally infected quarters of five heifers throughout their first lactation were examined by bacterial culture, milk cell count (MCC), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAGase) test and a monoclonal antibody based antigen-capture ELISA. The results were analysed according to the presence (mastitis positive) or absence (mastitis negative) of bacteria on culture, and the numbers of false negative and false positive results of the other three tests defined in relation to this. Similar numbers of false negative results were observed with the MCC (20), NAGase (18) and ELISA (13). False positive results due to the physiological factors present in early lactation were evident in the MCC, prominent in the NAGase test and absent from the ELISA. The major difference in false positive results associated with experimental infection between the three tests was the more rapid return to negative values of the ELISA following resolution of infection, compared with MCC and NAGase.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

Application of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of an inflammatory response antigen in subclinical mastitic milk samples.

A monoclonal antibody to a 23.5-kDa bovine inflammatory antigen present in high levels in mastitic milk has been used in an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen milk samples from herds of cattle for subclinical mastitis. The results from 20 herds with a total of 2,612 quarter samples are presented. Good correlation was observed between the ELISA level and the milk cell count (MCC). The results demonstrated an average of 5% false negatives (1.8% associated with isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus spp.) and 7.7% false positives for each herd in relation to mastitic (greater than 400,000 cells per ml) or nonmastitic (less than 400,000 cells per ml) MCCs.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1990

Hyoid bone position in children following neck injury.

Previously described radiographic signs of hyoid bone elevation, seen on the lateral radiograph, suggesting tracheal transection (Polansky et al., 1984) are present in uninjured children. These signs are therefore not reliable indicators of tracheal transection in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

An antigen capture ELISA test using monoclonal antibodies for the detection of Mycoplasma californicum in milk.

The use of monoclonal antibodies to detect Mycoplasma californicum was investigated in an antigen capture microtitre format. The finalized test was highly specific and no cross-reactions were detectable with any of the mastitis associated mycoplasma or bacterial antigens tested. Using a concentration step involving centrifugation, the sensitivity of the test could be improved from 10(5)-10(7) to 10(3)-10(5) colony forming units per ml with pure broth cultures, and from 10(7) to at least 10(6) colony forming units per ml in milk samples from two experimentally infected cows. The antigen detected was partially identified by immunoblotting, which demonstrated two polypeptides of 40 and 46 kD.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The incidence and prognostic significance of radiological abnormalities in soft tissue injuries to the cervical spine.

The radiographs and initial clinical findings of 73 patients who had sustained trauma to the cervical spine without bony injury in vehicle collisions were reviewed. The patients were also re-examined clinically two years after the injury. Forty eight (65.8%) had abnormal radiographs at presentation--prevertebral soft tissue swelling in 15 (20.6%), degenerative changes in 15 (20.6%), and an angular deformity between two adjacent vertebral bodies in 27 (37.0%). Prevertebral soft tissue swelling was found to have no significance with respect to clinical outcome and showed no association with the presence of an angular deformity. Degenerative changes are associated with a poor prognosis. The presence of an angular deformity was found to carry a good prognosis in this group of patients. The exact mode of injury is not associated with any specific radiographic appearance except that "roll overs" and side collisions are more likely to cause angulation in the cervical spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Is prevertebral soft tissue swelling a useful sign in injury of the cervical spine?

A group of 58 patients with suspected injuries of the cervical spine were reviewed retrospectively. Prevertebral soft tissue swelling occurred in 20 (49 per cent) of 41 patients with definite bone injury. Soft tissue swelling occurred significantly more frequently with injuries to the anterior portion of the cervical spine than to the posterior vertebral elements. No significant correlation was found between soft tissue swelling and level of injury and age of the patient. Out of 17 patients with cervical injuries, 4 (24 per cent) who were subsequently considered not to have sustained bony injury demonstrated apparent soft tissue swelling. The absence of soft tissue swelling should not be considered as evidence for no bony injury. Its presence does not necessarily indicate bony injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Computerized tomography of injury to the thoracolumbar spine.

We have reviewed the appearances of 35 patients with 51 fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine who were seen over the past 3 years; all received plain film radiography and computerized tomography (CT). The types and distribution of fractures are similar to those in series already reported. The severity of each fracture can be described using a three-column model for the functional anatomy of the spine. The liability to orthopaedic instability or late neurological damage can be accurately assessed by computerized tomography. CT demonstrates many fractures of parts of vertebrae not seen on plain films. We propose a classification which is clinically relevant and simple.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1984

The waggon-wheel effect.

The waggon-wheel effect was studied by use of three wheels with different numbers of spokes (4, 8, 16) and a wide range of strobe temporal frequencies. The results obtained are discussed in terms of a model in which: (i) nearest-neighbour relationships predict the direction and speed of movement, (ii) persistence and masking occur over ranges consistent with values reported in the literature, (iii) apparent motion is generated between currently illuminated spokes and persisting images of spokes, (iv) duration of spoke illumination (sweep) is a determining factor and, (v) a top-down process finds the best fit (a sort of 'simple structure') for the complex spatiotemporal display.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of lateral canal entrapment.

The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the diagnosis of radicular pain due to lateral canal stenosis in 21 patients is reported. NMR was able to distinguish normal intervertebral discs from degenerate discs, and NMR evidence of reduction of epidural fat was more reliable than radiculography in identifying lateral root entrapment. NMR is an important advance in the investigation of lumbar radiculopathies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Expression of the major histocompatibility antigens HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 by DNA-mediated gene transfer.

Genes coding for the heavy chain of the class I antigens HLA-A2 or HLA-B7 of the human major histocompatibility complex have been introduced into mouse LtK- cells by cotransfection with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. HAT-resistant colonies were isolated expressing either HLA-A2 or HLA-B7 as monitored by indirect immunofluorescence. Immunoprecipitation analysis of both antigens by either sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) or isoelectric focusing (IEF) showed that they were identical to the HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 expressed in the human lymphoblastoid cell line JY (homozygous HLA-A2, HLA-B7). However, human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated against JY and CTL clones specific for HLA-A2 or HLA-B7 were unable to recognize the transfectants as targets. These results indicate that the human HLA-A2 (or B7) complexed with the murine beta 2-microglobulin could be an inappropriate target structure for the CTL. However, because the transfectants are not killed by human CTL even in the presence of lectins, it is suggested that other molecules that are not able to overcome the human-mouse species barrier may be involved in the killing mechanism.

Animals↗