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Biomedical subjects

D Fine

Publications and source records attributed to D Fine.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect upon plaque formation and gingivitis of a triclosan/copolymer/fluoride dentifrice: a 6-month clinical study.

A total of 159 adult male and female subjects between 18 and 63 years of age, were entered into a 6-month, double-blind clinical study to assess the effects of a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan and 2% of a copolymer of methoxyethylene and maleic acid on supragingival plaque formation and gingivitis, as compared to a placebo dentifrice. Both the triclosan and placebo dentifrices contained 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base. The subjects had to demonstrate at least mild gingivitis (modified Loe-Silness score > or = 1.0), be free of advanced periodontal disease, have a modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index score of at least 1.5 and have a minimum of 20 natural, uncrowned teeth. The subjects were stratified into two balanced groups according to baseline plaque and gingivitis scores. At zero time or baseline, all subjects received a complete and thorough oral prophylaxis and were assigned to the use of either the placebo dentifrice or the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice for the next 6 months. Subjects were evaluated for gingivitis and supragingival plaque formation after 3 and 6 months product use. After 3 months, when compared to the placebo dentifrice, the triclosan/copolymer dentifrice provided the following statistically significant reductions (at 99% confidence levels): (1) a 10.0% reduction in supragingival plaque formation; (2) a 20.8% reduction in plaque formation on tooth surfaces with highest baseline plaque scores; (3) a 21.9% reduction in gingivitis, and (4) 30.5% less sites with severe gingivitis, i.e. gingival bleeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Multicenter evaluation of tetracycline fiber therapy: I. Experimental design, methods, and baseline data.

The study design and baseline characteristics of a multicenter trial to test the effectiveness and safety of locally delivered tetracycline for treatment of adult periodontitis are described. Local delivery was provided by 0.5 mm diameter ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer fibers loaded 25% with tetracycline hydrochloride which were placed into periodontal pockets and maintained by an adhesive for 10 (+/- 2) days. A total of 113 subjects (56 male and 57 female; mean age 49.3 yr) at five centers participated in the study. Subjects were selected who had 4 nonadjacent teeth with 6-10 mm pockets that bled on probing. The selected sites in each subject were randomly assigned to 4 test groups: tetracycline fiber, control fiber, scaling with root planing, or untreated. A balanced experimental design was thereby established in which each subject contributed equally by providing 4 clinically comparable sites for evaluation. To provide a more specific model for testing periodontitis therapy, gingivitis was treated prior to the initiation of the study by prophylaxis with supragingival calculus removal and home care instruction. Clinical response variables measured were pocket depth reduction, attachment level gain and bleeding on controlled-force probing measured at baseline, 30 d, and 60 d. Levels of 6 bacterial species selected as probable periodontal pathogens were measured by DNA probe analysis of plaque samples. The design of this study provided several unique analytical opportunities. Controls included a comparison with conventional treatment, analysis of vehicle effects, and effects at untreated sites. Comparison of the test group with controls permitted evaluation of the principal variables that could effect interpretation of results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Multicenter evaluation of tetracycline fiber therapy: II. Clinical response.

The safety and efficacy of periodontal disease treatment by intrapocket placement of tetracycline (TC) fibers was investigated in a 60-day multicenter study conducted by selecting 4 sites in each subject with 6-10 mm pockets that bled on probing. Sites were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 test groups: TC fiber therapy, scaling, control fiber (fibers without drug), or untreated. TC fibers and control fibers were placed to fill the pocket and were maintained with a cyanoacrylate adhesive for 10(+/- 2) d. Scaling was performed for a minimum of 5 min under local anesthesia. Following initial tooth cleaning procedures, pocket depth, attachment level and bleeding on controlled-force probing were measured at baseline and at 30 d, and 60 d following therapy. Analysis of data from 107 subjects who had complete clinical data sets indicated that TC fiber therapy significantly decreased pocket depth, increased attachment level, and decreased bleeding on controlled-force probing to a greater extent than observed in all other test groups including scaling. These effects were greater than, and in addition to, effects that occurred due to prophylaxis and improved home care. No serious adverse side-effects attributed to TC fiber therapy were observed. No TC fiber-treated sites abscessed and superinfection was not noted. A transient redness at fiber removal was seen at 21% of the sites. Although fibers were placed without anesthesia, mild pain on initial placement was infrequent (19%) and abated rapidly. The results indicate that TC fiber placement provides a safe and effective means for treatment of periodontal infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of sucralfate and cimetidine on rheumatoid patients with active gastroduodenal lesions who are taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A pilot study.

In a pilot study, 26 rheumatoid arthritic patients taking continuous, stable dosage regimens of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and with developed gastric and duodenal lesions were administered sucralfate 1 g four times per day (14 patients) or cimetidine 400 mg twice daily (12 patients) in a single-blind regimen for six weeks. Eleven of the patients given sucralfate and eight of the patients taking cimetidine had improved lesion scores. The lesion score of 10 of the 14 patients taking sucralfate and four of the 12 patients taking cimetidine improved by 50 percent or better (not significant). The antrum and body of the gastric mucosa and the mucosa of the duodenum synthesized prostanoids and thromboxane A2, and there was no significant difference in the synthesis of individual prostanoids at entry to the trial in the groups assigned to sucralfate or cimetidine. After six weeks of administration of sucralfate, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis by the antrum and body, but not the duodenum, was significantly greater than observed in the biopsy specimens at entry despite continuation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. After six weeks of cimetidine treatment, no change in PGE2 synthesis was noted in any biopsy specimens when compared with the synthesis at entry. No change in the synthesis of PGF2 alpha, 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, or thromboxane B2 was noted in gastric or duodenal biopsy specimens in any treatment group. Sucralfate and cimetidine administration resulted in improved gastroduodenal lesion scores in rheumatoid arthritic patients continuing with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Coagulation and complement studies in Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

A patient with laboratory-acquired Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) and concomitant influenza virus infection was studied from the third day of clinical illness. The course of his illness was marked by petechial rash, thrombocytopenia, and elevation of fibrin split products. No evidence of complement activation was observed. Plasma proteins were elevated in a pattern characteristic of the "acute phase reaction." The patient recovered completely, and vascular collapse or clinically important disseminated intravascular coagulation had developed. In febrile patients who had influenza or a clinically similar noninfluenzal respiratory syndrome, no changes in coagulation, complement, or plasma proteins developed. We conclude that aberrations in the patient's laboratory values reflected RMSF, and that complement played no critical role in his illness.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1978

Type D primate retroviruses: a review.

The prototype virus of the type D retroviruses is the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV). MPMV was originally isolated from a breast carcinoma of a female rhesus monkey (an Old World monkey). MPMV is of obvious importance in that it is the only retrovirus thus far isolated from a mammary tumor of a primate and has been shown to have transforming potential for primate cells in vitro. Subsequent to the isolation of MPMV viruses morphologically and immunologically indistinguishable from MPMV have been isolated from normal placenta and lactating mammary glands of other rhesus monkeys in captivity. Recently, viruses morphologically resembling MPMV have been isolated from a langur monkey (another Old World monkey) and from squirrel monkeys (a New World monkey). Based on nucleic acid hybridization studies, the latter 2 viruses represent endogenous viruses in their species of origin, whereas MPMV appears to be a horizontally related to the langur monkey isolate. Studies on the immunological relatedness of the type D retroviruses have demonstrated interspecies cross-reactivities between the major internal and external proteins of the viruses. Furthermore, these viruses also share cross-reactivity of their major external glycoproteins with those of the type C baboon endogenous virus. These interspecies reactivities can also be demonstrated in natural sera from both imported and laboratory-bred monkeys. The demonstration of these interspecies cross-reactivities shared by distantly related primate retroviruses provides a means for detecting determinants that are representative of all primate retroviruses presently known and yet to be isolated and may provide new assays for detection of a human retrovirus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Characterization of a retravirus isolated from squirrel monkeys.

A new retravirus (SMRV) isolated from a squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, has an Mg2+-dependen reverse transcriptase and a buoyant density of 1.17 g/cm3 in sucrose and 1.21 g/cm3 in cesium chloride, similar to the mouse mammary tumor virus and the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. The polypeptide patter of SMRV as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was distinct from the reported polypeptide patterns of known retraviruses. Four major polypeptides of molecular weights 40,000, 20,000, 14,000 and 8,000 were resolved in virus propagated in human, mink, and canine cells. In A204 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, a protein of 73,000 daltons (gp73) represented the major viral glycoprotein as determined by [3H]glucosamine labeling. Additional proteins were also observed, but their presence depended on the cell type in which the virus was propagated. In both species-and interspecies-specific assays, no antigenic relatedness was observed between SMRV and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, mouse mammary tumor virus, baboon endogenous virus (BaLV), woolly monkey virus (SSV-1), murine leukemia virus, endogenous feline type C virus (RD-114), bovine leukemia virus, and equine infectious anemia virus. These findings indicate that SMRV represents a new retravirus and the first isolate from a New World monkey.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Vascular alterations in delayed radiation necrosis of the brain. An electron microscopical study.

A 51-year-old woman who had been given cobalt therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was seen three years later with a mass in the left frontotemporal region of the brain. Biopsy specimen of the lesion showed the classic features of delayed radiation necrosis on light microscopy. In addition, several blood vessels showed endothelial cell proliferation. Transmission electron microscopical study demonstrated numerous alterations of the endothelial cell, such as intraluminal infoldings of the plasma membrane, an increased amount of cytoplasmic organelles, and the frequent occurrence of tubular bodies in addition to degenerative and reactive changes in the neuropil.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1975

Adherence and blood-pressure response to hypertension treatment.

2 years of experience in the first phase of a large cooperative national hypertension programme yielded data indicating that a good level of patient adherence can be achieved and that satisfactory blood-pressure control can be maintained long term. For 116 participants, all employed persons, dropout in the first year was 20% but only 3% dropped out in the second year. At the second annual examination, 82% of those still in the programme had diastolic pressures under 90 mm Hg, with an average reduction of 18 mm Hg. Thus, nearly two-thirds (64%) of all patients originally enrolled were both active and with normal levels of blood-pressure after two years. Only 18% of active programme-treated patients had diastolic pressure 90 mm Hg or higher at the second anniversary in contrast with 33% of patients referred to their own doctors. In programme-treated patients, standard medication was used; diuretics effectively lowered blood-pressure in a third of patients, and diuretics plus reserpine were effective for another 20%. Special features of the programme included assistance to physicians by health counsellor therapists. Methods for achieving a high adherence-rate and satisfactory blood-pressure control probably have wider applicability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of storage of granulocytes on their fate in vivo.

During storage of granulocytes, the chemotactic response deteriorates first and to the greatest extent. Because in vitro assays such as chemataxis may not adequately predict the fate of granulocytes in vivo, we determined the intravascular kinetics and migration into skin windows of indium-111 labeled granulocytes. Granulocytes stored for 24 hours at either 1 to 6 or 20 to 24 degrees C had significantly reduced intravascular recoveries and migration into skin windows. Granulocytes stored for only eight hours at 20 to 24 degrees C had normal intravascular recovery and migration into skin windows. In granulocytes stored for eight hours at 1 to 6 degrees C, the intravascular recovery and migration into skin windows were reduced. Because of the method of calculating migration, this observation suggests that granulocytes which do circulate after storage at 1 to 6 degrees C had decreased ability to migrate into the skin windows. Granulocytes can be stored for up to eight hours at 20 to 24 degrees C without reduction in their ability to circulate and migrate to a site of inflammation. However, since many practical issues in granulocyte storage are not resolved, granulocytes should be transfused as soon as possible after collection.

Adult↗