Language skills in developmentally disabled children.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Fein.
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Children with the diagnosis of autism were tested for brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and information was gathered on their medical and developmental histories and current developmental levels of symptomatology. On comparing the nine autistic children having abnormal BAEPs and the seven autistic children with normal BAEPs, the former were found to have exhibited greater pathology in the areas of attention and social accessibility. No differences were found between the groups on measures of language, motor, or perceptual functioning, or on previous diagnoses or medical history. It is suggested that social attentional pathology may be more specifically associated with the brainstem pathology that may characterize autism than are symptoms in other developmental areas.
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It was predicted from the theories of Bardwick that 1) made self-esteem would be greater than female self-esteem only among the older children of the preadolescent sample, 2) reading achievement would correlate with self-esteem for boys in all age groups but only for the younger girls, and 3) individual self-esteem items that showed sex differences would be sex-role related. Data on self-esteem and reading score were collected on 307 urban children in second through sixth grades. Analysis of results confirmed predictions 1 and 3, but not prediction 2. Reading score did not show a significant correlation with self-esteem for girls at any age level tested. Results were discussed in terms of differing sources of male and female self-esteem.
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We screened 183 autistic males for the fra(X) and found 24 (13.1%) to be positive. Adding the subjects of this study to those of 11 other surveys, of which 6 were positive and 5 were negative, a total of 614 autistic males have been screened. Overall 47 (7.7%) were positive. Based on this estimate and the prevalence of autism and fra(X), we estimate that 12.3% of fra(X) males are autistic. We have found that 17.3% of our fra(X) males were autistic and overall a 21.2% frequency has been reported, these higher figures are most likely due to biases in age and ascertainment. With an overall 7.7% frequency of fra(X) among autistic males and an estimated 12.3% of autism among fra(X) males, we conclude there is likely to be a significant association of fra(X) with autism. Because fra(X) appears to be the single most common cause of the condition, chromosomal testing is recommended for any autistic person with undiagnosed etiology.