Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Farrow.
Children with rheumatic disease (N = 250) were examined for shallow facial scars similar to those described in drug-induced pseudoporphyria. Users of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug were 2.4 times as likely as nonusers to have four or more facial scars; this relative risk was increased to 6.0 in users of naproxen.
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Building upon previous studies stressing the importance of contextual effects in psychosocial behavior, we test a model of drug involvement among inner-city youths living in neighborhoods varying in the perceived degree of toughness/drug use. The drug involvement of the youths is hypothesized to result from the availability of drugs, image of drug-using/gang-involved persons, friends' drug use, and participation in street culture activities. In each of the toughness/drug use settings, image of drug-using/gang-involved persons related positively to friends' use of alcohol and marijuana, friends' use of alcohol and marijuana related positively to participation in street culture spare-time activities and drug involvement, and participation in street culture pursuits related positively to drug involvement. Neighborhood-setting-specific relationships are also observed. The complexity of the model, as reflected in the number of path coefficients, and the ability of the variables in the model to predict the youths' drug involvement increase as we proceed from low toughness/drug use (R2 = .28) to medium toughness/drug use (R2 = .30) to high toughness/drug use (R2 = .38) neighborhoods. The importance of examining youths' environmental experiences in understanding their drug involvement, especially their relationship to neighborhood drug use subcultures, is emphasized.
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The present study examines a causal model explaining inner city youths' drug involvement using environmental variables which previously have been investigated singly or in various combinations and shown to influence drug use: the availability of drugs in the neighborhood and at school, a view of the neighborhood as tough, the esteem given to drug using, gang-involved persons by peers, friends' substance use, and participation in drug/street culture spare-time activities. The results show friends' use of alcohol and marijuana and participation in drug/street culture out-of-school activities have strong direct effects on personal drug involvement for the Black and Puerto Rican junior high school males and females who were studied; further, friends' use of alcohol and marijuana and the status peers give to drug using, gang-involved persons have respectable indirect effects on drug involvement for the four groups. In addition to these common features, a number of differences in the factors relating to drug involvement are found in the four groups. Implications of the results for alternative methods of drug abuse prevention and treatment are discussed, as is the necessity of utilizing an environmental, sociocultural view of drug use to adequately explain youth drug taking.