In a sample of 150 Sukuma from north central Tanzania, immunoglobulin G, M, A, and E levels were studied in relation to the phenotypes in 22 polymorphic systems. No strong associations were detected, though there is a suggestion of an association between IgG and haptoglobin type, with elevation of mean levels in heterozygotes.

Blood Group Antigens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic variation in Cumbrians.

Regional variation in the genetic constitution of the Cumbrian population is demonstrated in a survey of blood groups, red cell enzymes, and secretor status in a large sample of schoolchildren. In particular, the south and centre appear to be distinct from the remainder of Cumbria, but in different directions. The features of the central Lake District, tending towards gene frequencies observed in Norway, suggest that it may be a region in which the presence of a relict population is still detectable.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic heterogeneity and population structure in north-west India.

Genetic markers consisting of 11 blood group and red cell enzyme systems were investigated in 14 endogamous groups of north-west India. Genetic differentiation among the samples as indicated by FST is appreciable, reflecting the ethnic diversity characteristic of this region. Local variation within each state is lower, indicating a geographical component to the total variation. This variation is refined by calculations of genetic distances, which show that the tribals and low-caste groups are closer together but well separated from high-caste Brahmins and other non-tribal middle castes. There is a slight possibility of disruptive selection, but the analyses suggest that the differences in genetic structure in north-west India are more likely to be due to their breeding structure, differential migration and ethnic affiliation.

Alleles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Secular trends in relationship as estimated by surnames: a study of a Tyneside parish.

From the surnames of 21 132 individuals baptised in the Tyneside parish of Whickham between 1577 and 1758, the extent to which individuals of different periods bear the same surname shows (1) a coefficient of correlation of +0.93 between data on males and females; (2) the highest rates between individuals of the same 26-year period, lower between adjacent periods and still lower between periods more separated in time; (3) an apparent tendency for the closeness of genetic interrelationship to decrease from the late 16th and early 17th centuries, and to level off with fluctuations through the mid-18th century. This drop was concurrent with military campaigns and epidemics which affected the parish, but preceded the industrial revolution with its possible effects on labour migrations.

Consanguinity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

HLA antigens and growth in diabetic children.

HLA types in 121 diabetic children in Newcastle are examined in relation to their growth records. The children's height at the onset of diabetes was normal, but fell away during the course of the disease; there was low mean height velocity and failure of bone development to keep pace with chronological age. The total series shows the expected excess of HLA antigens B8, B15 and Cw3 and deficit of B7. Children with B8 are of smaller stature adjusted for bone age than those without the antigen, while children with B7 appear to do better. The results suggest that within the diabetic spectrum of genotypes the HLA antigens are relevant to growth and development.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Palmar pattern reduction among the Bushmen.

Hand prints from 98 male and 57 female !Kung Bushmen, who show the characteristic high frequency of digital arches observed in other Bushmen samples, also show attenuation of dermatoglyphic patterns in the third interdigital area. There is an acceptable level of reproducibility between independent observers using Hauser's semi-quantitative scoring method for interdigital pattern reduction. Interdigital reduction forms are more frequent than those reported in Vienna, but their associations are similar, and so is the relationship of the bc count to the total reduction score. As the degree of reduction increases in the third interdigital area, mainline terminations tend to be located more radially. The results provide a further demonstration of the interrelatedness of dermatoglyphic traits.

Black People↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Menarcheal age in Cumbria.

A survey of age at menarche in north-west England, how it is affected by family environment and how it affects physique, was carried out on a large sample of schoolgirls in Cumbria. Age at menarche shows no independent effect of social class, but is strongly influenced by family size and also partly by position in family. Similar results emerge from analyses of the status quo and recall data. Menarcheal status differences remain associated with pronounced differences in height and weight when all other variables are held constant, and there is a slight suggestion that the effect diminishes the later the age at which menarche occurs.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gene frequencies of Gc and PGM subtypes.

Allele frequencies are presented for subtypes of phosphoglucomutase locus 1 and the group-specific component (Gc) in samples from a number of human populations. Compared with each other and with published data, continental samples are very similar in gene frequency to their reported distributions in the literature, but the small island populations are much more variable.

Alleles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Serogenetic studies among an urban and two tribal populations of Orissa, India.

Phenotype and gene frequencies of blood groups, plasma proteins and red cell enzymes (23 systems) are examined in two tribal and one low social class urban population of Orissa, India. Genetic heterogeneity is suggested not only between the tribal and urban populations but also between the tribal groups. The gene frequencies of tribal populations indicate a genepool with an ancestral component from the populations of north-east India with some mongoloid affinity, but it seems that there has also been some gene flow from them into the urban population.

Alleles↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Migration within the island of Korcula, Yugoslavia.

For several centuries the village populations on the Yugoslav island of Korcula have remained essentially isolated from each other and from the mainland. Historical, linguistic and biological data indicate that systematic population pressure predominantly came from the coastal area of the Balkan peninsula westward onto the island. To examine short and long range migration on the island, data on the place of birth of parents of adult inhabitants (1168 subjects) were presented and migration matrices analysed applying a gamma function. Most examinees were born in the same village as their parents (86.39%); only 6.33% of the parents migrated between villages on the island; and village endogamy is quite high for the past four generations (75%). When inter-village migration has occurred, migration density is greatest at a distance of 8-12 km, rather than from the immediate neighbourhood. Short range migration occurs up to a mean distance of 33.98 km, long range migration over distances greater than 28 km.

Emigration and Immigration↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic affinities of the Shetland islanders.

Phenotype and gene frequencies in blood group, red cell enzyme, and serum protein polymorphisms in a sample of Shetland islanders are reported. Analyses of genetic distance and relationship indicate that Shetland affinities are closer to nearby populations bordering the North Sea rather than to those of the North Atlantic. The closest affinities seem to be with populations in north Britain with a similar history of Norse influence. There is evidence that the Shetlanders retain an element of an ultra-European population extreme in some gene frequencies and so, like the Orcadians, may be regarded as much diluted relict of an ancient population.

Blood Group Antigens↗