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Biomedical subjects

D F Katz

Publications and source records attributed to D F Katz.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Simultaneous assessment of human sperm motility and morphology by videomicrography.

Videotapes were analyzed to assess sperm motility and morphology in the semen of 5 fertile donors and 20 infertile patients. The slow motion playback control of the video recorder allowed simultaneous assessment of the motility and morphology of individual sperm cells. Similar values were obtained with this method for abnormal morphology more often were immotile or weakly motile than were the normal sperm in the same ejaculates. Normal oval sperm in the semen of infertile men were less likely to be motile and tended to swim more slowly than did morphologically normal sperm in the semen of fertile men.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Variations within and amongst normal men of movement characteristics of seminal spermatozoa.

Movement characteristics of the seminal spermatozoa of 9 men of contemporary fertility were studied using time-exposure photomicrography. Five different ejaculates, collected over a 9-month period, were analysed for each man. The assessment of sperm motility focussed on classical parameters (% motile spermatozoa and the total swimming speed, considering all motile spermatozoa) as well as several newly defined movement characteristics (% progressive spermatozoa, progressive swimming speed, and % straight-swimming, rolling and yawing spermatozoa). These new measures distinguished weakly motile from vigorously motile spermatozoa, and also assessed geometrical attributes of the swimming trajectories of the vigorous spermatozoa. The % motility and the total and progressive swimming speeds did not differ significantly amongst the fertile men. The percentage of progressive spermatozoa differed significantly among the 9 men, but this was due to the outlying values of a single donor. Significant differences among men did occur in the percentages of straight-swimming, rolling and yawing spermatozoa. In addition, considerable variability was found among the different ejaculates of individual men.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A new quantitative test for sperm penetration into cervical mucus.

A new experimental and theoretical procedure is described for characterizing the penetration of spermatozoa into cervical mucus in vitro. Semen is introduced to a prescribed volume of mucus contained in a flat capillary tube. Use of the tube enables the surface area of semen-mucus contact to be fixed, and provides excellent visualization of sperm movement in the mucus. The time interval of semen-mucus contact is also controlled. The number of motile sperm and their swimming speeds are determined in both the semen and mucus by hemocytometer counts and simple time-exposure photomicrography. The assay provides two new measures of the sperm-mucus interaction. The number of successful sperm entries into the mucus is compared with the number of original collisions between seminal sperm and the semen-mucus interface. The comparison is expressed as a ratio of the numbers of sperm in these two groups, viz., PSC = percentage of successful collisions. The vitality of spermatozoa that do succeed in entering the mucus is assessed by comparing their swimming speeds with those of sperm in the semen. This second comparison is also expressed as a ratio, viz., VR = velocity ratio = mean swimming speed in mucus/mean swimming speed in semen. The clinical application of the method to human semen and cervical mucus is described, and sample results are presented.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1980

The importance of seminal plasma for sperm penetration of human cervical mucus.

Experiments were carried out in which semen samples were diluted 1:1 with Tyrode's solution or with their own seminal plasma (obtained by centrifuging another semen aliquot) as a control. Each experiment consisted of a paired comparison of these two sperm suspensions, using a quantitative cervical mucus penetration test with aliquots of the same mucus sample. Videomicrography was used to measure the swimming speeds of spermatozoa in the semen and in the mucus. The spermatozoa swam faster in Tyrode's diluted seminal plasma than in whole seminal plasma, but their swimming speeds in cervical mucus were similar after mucus penetration. Significantly more of the collisions between spermatozoa and the mucus resulted in successful penetration in tests where the sperm were suspended in whole seminal plasma than in tests where they were suspended in Tyrode's diluted seminal plasma. These observations indicate that components of the seminal plasma are important for efficient entry of human spermatozoa into cervical mucus.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1979

Beat frequency is bimodally distributed in spermatozoa from T/t12 mice.

Flagellar beat frequencies of spermatozoa from mice of varying genotype were studied using highspeed cinemicrography. Beat frequency was variable but unimodal in two inbred lines, their F1, and an outbred line. In contrast, beat frequency in spermatozoa from T-complex, balanced lethal stocks (T/t6 and T/t12) tended not to vary between individual males of each genotype up to four hours after collection. The two-hour distribution of beat frequency for T/t12 was, moreover, bimodal, suggesting the possible existence of two subpopulations of spermatozoa.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

A simple inexpensive method for objective assessment of human sperm movement characteristics.

A simple, objective method is described for obtaining a well-defined and diversified set of human sperm movement characteristics. These data are suitable for comprehensive statistical comparisons of sperm suspensions. One-second time-exposure photomicrographs are taken with dark-field illumination of slides prepared from semen, cervical mucus, or artificial media. The negatives are projected as a filmstrip and are analyzed on a specially designed console. The filmstrips can be taken and developed in 15 minutes without darkroom facilities, and a complete analysis of the film requires an additional 15 to 20 minutes. Fifty spermatozoa are examined to determine percentage motility, and movement characteristics are recorded for 15 spermatozoa. With these data the swimming trajectories of individual spermatozoa can be reconstructed retrospectively. The sperm suspension as a whole is described in terms of percentage motility, mean swimming speed, percentage of progressive spermatozoa, mean swimming speed of progressive spermatozoa, percentage of straight-swimming spermatozoa, percentage of rolling spermatozoa, and percentage of yawing spermatozoa.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

A flat capillary tube system for assessment of sperm movement in cervical mucus.

A new flat capillary tube system has been developed for studies of sperm movement in cervical mucus. The system is easy to use, employs readily obtainable components, and is amenable to small sample sizes characteristic of human cervical mucus. The system possesses good optical resolution and is suitable for visual assessment of sperm migration as well as more detailed studies of the movement characteristics of individual spermatozoa. The system subjects the mucus to a well-defined and controllable rate of shear deformation. Preliminary experiments have suggested that the swimmming speed of human sperm does not differ in flat capillary tubes of 200-micrometer and 400-micrometer depth.

Cervix Mucus↗
PubMed1978

Movement characteristics and power output of guinea-pig and hamster spermatozoa in relation to activation.

Spermatozoa were collected from the cauda epididymidis of golden hamsters and guinea-pigs, and the acrosome reaction was induced in vitro. Movement characteristics of the spermatozoa were assessed with high-speed cinemicrography. Before the initiation of the acrosome reaction (preactivated spermatozoa), sperm movement in both species was characterized by progressive swimming by regular flagellar waves of moderate amplitude and relative high frequency. After the acrosome reaction (activated spermatozoa), sperm movement in both species was not progressive, and was characterized by whiplash-like flagellar undulations of significantly (P less than 0.05) higher amplitude and lower frequency. Calculation of the hydrodynamic power output by a new theory indicated that no significant change occurred after activation.

Acrosome↗