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Biomedical subjects

D F Harrison

Publications and source records attributed to D F Harrison.

123 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Osseous and fibro-osseous conditions affecting the craniofacial bones.

Fifty-eight patients with osseous or fibro-osseous conditions affecting the craniofacial bones are reviewed in order to determine difficulty of diagnosis, natural history, and management. In many patients separation into individual categories is possible on clinical grounds alone. However, by correlating clinical examination with radiological and histological findings, it is clear that each of the pathological conditions discussed is a separate entity and not merely part of a broad spectrum of bony disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Significance and means by which laryngeal cancer invades thyroid cartilage.

Involvement of the thyroid cartilage attracts a high T rating in all systems of classification for carcinoma of the larynx. Evaluation of 145 patients with laryngeal cancer treated by total laryngectomy emphasizes the difficulties of preoperatively determining cartilage invasion. The operative specimen was serially sectioned and studied to determine the means by which ossified and nonossified thyroid cartilage is invaded by carcinoma. A minimum 5-year follow-up of these cases indicates the prognostic significance of such invasion.

Humans↗
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Twelfth Daniel C. Baker Jr memorial lecture: Victor Negus: 57 years later.

The three-dimensional morphology of the mammalian larynx was studied for 15 years. Using specimens obtained from a wide variety of sources, efforts were made to correlate structure with function and thus explain the variations in size and morphology seen in over 150 families of mammals.

Anatomy↗
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A long-term comparative study of the mammalian larynx, based on whole organ serial sectioning.

The paper includes brief details of a long term three-dimensional study into the fine structure of the mammalian larynx using whole organ serial sections. Differential staining, including Glees silver technique, is essential if maximum information is to be gained. A specially designed punch card will enable any future investigator to rapidly retrieve relevant information and it is expected that specimens of all available mammalian larynges will be included. Illustrations are included in this paper of the cat, dog, horse and mongoose.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomechanics of the giraffe larynx and trachea.

Despite possession of a well developed larynx and a gregarious nature, the Giraffe is able to utter only low moans or bleats. Morphological and histological examination, together with measurements of trachea and subglottic area, on three fresh larynges (Giraffa camelopardalis) has made it possible to explain the lack of vocal power. Factors such as thoracic expiratory flow rate, length of trachea and recurrent laryngeal nerves, together with morphological details of vocal folds, and intrinsic laryngeal muscles have all been considered, providing a unique example of the relationship between morphology and function in the mammalial larynx.

Animals↗
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Ossification within the primate larynx.

Ossification of the laryngeal cartilages is a random occurrence possibly related to age and sex. A wide variety of primate larynges have been examined radiologically, by macroscopic section or after whole organ serial section with the aim of determining presence of ossification. The results of this investigation will be presented in an attempt to establish possible correlation between structure, function and degree of ossification within each specific larynx. This is a unique enquiry which may assist in the understanding of ossification within the human larynx.

Adult↗
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Relationship dynamics, ethnicity and condom use among low-income women.

CONTEXT: Women's protection against HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) depends upon their ability to negotiate safer sex. It is important to know how cultural norms and gender roles, which vary by ethnicity, may either constrain or encourage negotiation of condom use. METHODS: Questionnaires were completed by 393 low-income non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women who were sexually active and attending family planning and STD clinics and other public health and social service centers in Miami in 1994 and 1995. Multivariate logit techniques were used to identify ethnic differences in relationship dynamics and to determine couple- and individual-level factors associated with consistent use, occasional use or nonuse of condoms. RESULTS: Black and Hispanic women reported higher levels of consistent condom use (15-17%) than did white women (4%). Nearly all black and white women (90-95%) said that they were extremely or somewhat comfortable talking about condoms with their partner, whereas 76% of Hispanic women did so. A larger proportion of Hispanic women (55%) reported joint contraceptive decision-making than did black women (26%) or white women (31%). Among women who reported that their partner made contraceptive decisions, 28% used condoms consistently or occasionally, compared with 24% among women who made the decision themselves. When the couple made the decision jointly, 41% of them were condom users. Hispanic women scored the lowest on a scale of condom-related self-efficacy, yet also reported the highest levels of confidence in their condom negotiating skills. Multivariate analysis indicated that, compared with white women, black and Hispanic women were more likely to be consistent condom users than nonusers (odds ratios, 10.2 and 18.9, respectively). Women who shared financial decision-making with their partner were almost 80% less likely to be a consistent condom user, and women who did not participate in financial decisions were more than 90% less likely to do so, than were women who made monetary decisions independently. CONCLUSIONS: HIV prevention and intervention programs should emphasize birth control discussion between partners and the development of condom-related self-efficacy and negotiation skills, and these programs also should customize prevention messages according to ethnicity and social context.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The association between substance use, condom use and sexual risk among low-income women.

Substance use is frequently assumed to be associated with higher levels of sexual risk-taking and lower levels of condom use. An analysis of 668 black, Hispanic and white low-income women at public health and public assistance facilities in Miami show that 19% engaged in risky sexual behavior over the preceding six months, 24% in substance use and 31% in condom use. Overall, substance users are nearly four and one-half times more likely to take sexual risks than nonusers, but are about half as likely to have relied on condoms. When the probability of condom use is considered in the context of both substance use and sexual risk, substance users who take sexual risks appear just as likely to rely on condoms as are nonusers who take sexual risks and those who do not (odds of 0.43-0.49). However, substance users who do not take sexual risks are much less likely to use condoms (odds of 0.15). This pattern holds among black, Hispanic and white women, and suggests that perceptions of risk and the risks that partners bring to sexual encounters may be more important determinants of condom use than substance use per se.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors associated with use of the female condom.

Black, Hispanic and white women recruited for an HIV prevention intervention were instructed in the use of the female condom and encouraged to try the device. Of the 231 women who completed the intervention, 29% tried the condom over the course of a month; 30% of those who tried it used it during at least half of their sexual encounters. Both ethnicity and age were associated with trying the device: Nearly 40% of black women and 30% of Hispanic women did so, compared with 18% of white women; 37% of those aged 25-34 tried the female condom, compared with 22% of women younger than 25. Trying the device was more likely among women living with a partner, those with a history of sexually transmitted disease infection, women who had had an HIV test, those who did not believe that the method afforded them a greater degree of overall control than did the male condom and those who had no prior knowledge of the device. Among women who used the device during at least half of their sexual encounters, 27% were black and 44% were Hispanic: 38% were younger than 25, and 43% were single. More regular users were about half as likely as less regular users to experience difficulty with insertion and one-eighth as likely to report the device slipping during use; they were more likely than less regular users to report that sex was more pleasurable with the female condom than with the male condom.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dual-method use among an ethnically diverse group of women at risk of HIV infection.

CONTEXT: Few U.S. women protect themselves against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) by using an efficient contraceptive method and a condom. Understanding the factors that influence dual-method use could help improve interventions aimed at encouraging protective behaviors. METHODS: Interviews were conducted with 552 low-income women at risk of HIV who attended public health or economic assistance facilities in Miami in 1994 and 1995. Multinomial logit analyses were used to determine the influence of women's background characteristics, perceived vulnerability to pregnancy and AIDS, and relationship characteristics on the odds of dual-method use. RESULTS: Overall, 20% of the women used dual methods. Women who were not married, who worried about both pregnancy and AIDS, who had ever had an STD, who were confident they could refuse a sexual encounter in the absence of a condom and who made family planning decisions jointly with their partner were the most likely to use dual methods rather than a single method (odds ratios, 2.0-3.5); those who considered the condom only somewhat effective in preventing AIDS or who shared economic decision-making with their partner were the least likely to use dual methods rather than a single method (0.5-0.6). The results were generally similar in analyses examining the odds of dual-method use involving an efficient contraceptive, except that black and Hispanic women were significantly more likely than whites to use condoms in conjunction with efficient contraceptives (3.3-7.1). CONCLUSIONS: Both women's individual characteristics and the context of their sexual relationships influence whether they simultaneously protect themselves from pregnancy and HIV. The involvement of male partners in family planning decision-making and women's control over economic decision-making ensure greater protection against HIV infection.

Adolescent↗