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Biomedical subjects

D F Caroline

Publications and source records attributed to D F Caroline.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Noninvasive imaging modalities may suggest the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome but they are rarely diagnostic. Inferior vena cavography, hepatic venography, and liver biopsy, alone or in combination, are usually necessary for definitive diagnosis. Because of its excellent depiction of blood vessels as regions of absent signal, magnetic resonance imaging has the potential to make a noninvasive diagnosis of hepatic vein thrombosis. A case illustrating the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Contrast medium precipitation during abdominal CT.

Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans of 55 patients who had ingested Gastrografin (meglumine diatrizoate and diatrizoate sodium) diluted to 2% with tap water and flavored with a commercial fruit juice base were reviewed. Twenty patients (36%) demonstrated intraluminal precipitation of Gastrografin shown by focal areas of markedly increased attenuation within the gastric lumen or trapped within gastric folds. Beam-hardening artifact produced by precipitation was observed, which limited the diagnostic value of some examinations. In vitro CT scans of the same Gastrografin solution titrated with hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide showed that by raising the pH of the solution, precipitation was virtually eliminated. Fifty-one CT scans of the abdomen using a buffered Gastrografin solution demonstrated precipitation in only five patients. Properly buffered dilute oral Gastrografin solutions should significantly decrease the prevalence of precipitation during abdominal CT examinations.

Beverages↗
PubMed1986

Gastric cardia metastasis in esophageal carcinoma.

To our knowledge, esophageal carcinoma that is metastatic to the gastric cardia has rarely been described in the radiologic literature. We examined seven patients who had a solitary metastasis in the gastric cardia that had spread from esophageal carcinoma. Five of the gastric lesions were synchronous with the primary lesion, and two developed after the primary tumor had been detected. Radiographically, the gastric lesion appeared as a submucosal mass in five patients and appeared to simulate a primary gastric carcinoma in the other two patients. The metastases had probably disseminated through the submucosal lymphatic system. Because the presence of a gastric metastasis may affect a patient's therapy, radiographic examination of the gastric fundus should be a routine part of the initial staging and/or follow-up evaluation of esophageal carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

MRI of hemorrhagic renal cysts in polycystic kidney disease.

Nine patients with polycystic kidney disease were examined by MRI, CT, and sonography. MRI distinguished among simple cysts, cysts complicated by prior hemorrhage, and coexistent renal cell carcinoma. On T1-weighted spin-echo images, simple renal cysts appeared as round, homogeneous, low-signal regions with smooth outer margins and a distinct interface with remaining normal renal parenchyma or adjacent cysts. Hemorrhagic cysts were seen as homogeneous medium- to high-signal intensity regions, and about half of them correlated with hyperdense cysts by CT. In five cases, fluid-iron levels were evident by dependent high-intensity layering within the cysts. Renal cell carcinomas occasionally show high intensity because of hemorrhage, but intratumoral fluid-iron levels have not yet been described. These results suggest that MRI is useful in differentiating between simple cysts, hemorrhagic cysts, and neoplasms when CT and sonography are indeterminate.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mixed hyperplastic and adenomatous polyp arising from ectopic gastric mucosa of the duodenum.

We report an unusual case of a polyp arising from ectopic gastric mucosa in the duodenum. The polyp demonstrated both hyperplastic and adenomatous proliferation. Adenomatous proliferation in a duodenal polyp arising from ectopic gastric mucosa is, to our knowledge, unique. The areas of adenomatous change were morphologically indistinguishable from those of adenomatous polyps arising in the stomach; hence, the adenomatous change observed in this polyp was regarded as a neoplastic process.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Self-limiting extravasation in the unused urinary bladder.

Patients being evaluated as potential renal transplant recipients routinely undergo voiding cystourethrography. Eight patients were encountered in whom extraperitoneal extravasation was noted from the region of the ureterovesical junction during voiding (seven patients) or during filling (one patient). Extravasation was bilateral in six patients and unilateral in two. The patients neither experienced symptoms related to the extravasation, required treatment, nor had sequelae. Five of the eight patients have subsequently received renal transplants and their bladders were observed to be normal at surgery. Cystoscopy was also performed in two of these five patients and was unremarkable. After transplantation, these patients' bladders functioned normally and gave rise to no symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Radiography of the small bowel in patients with gynecologic malignancies.

The records and radiographs of 284 patients with gynecologic malignancy were reviewed to determine the incidence and nature of small-bowel abnormalities. Seventeen percent of the patients had small-bowel studies. Twenty-four percent of patients with ovarian cancer had radiologic examination of the small bowel, and in almost all cases the abnormalities were due to metastatic disease. In patients with cervical cancer, small-bowel radiography was performed in 14% of patients, and in most cases the abnormalities were due to radiation damage. Small-bowel obstruction was found in 20 patients. In the ovarian-cancer group, all obstructions were due to metastatic disease, whereas in the cervical cancer group, obstruction was due to metastases, radiation, or adhesions. The site of obstruction was a useful differential point, since all obstructions due to radiation were in the ileum, whereas 58% of obstructions due to metastases were in the duodenum or jejunum. The radiologic studies interpreted in light of the clinical circumstances were highly accurate in determining the location and nature of small-bowel complications in these patients.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1984

Small-bowel enema in the diagnosis of adhesive obstructions.

The small-bowel enema was evaluated in 60 patients in whom a final diagnosis of adhesive obstruction was made by surgery or on the basis of clinical findings. Distinctive radiographic and clinical features were found with single versus multiple bands. While 72% of 32 single-band obstructions were graded as severe, this grading was given to only 34% of 18 obstructions by multiple bands. Extensive adhesions were demonstrated in 10 patients and presented varied radiographic features. The radiographic diagnosis of adhesive obstruction was found to be correct in 36 (87.8%) of 41 patients in whom a surgical diagnosis could subsequently be made. However, an incorrect radiologic diagnosis of obstruction by metastases was made in five patients. They form the basis for a discussion of the differential diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Drug-induced esophagitis detected by double-contrast radiography.

Patients with esophageal symptoms following drug ingestion underwent double-contrast upper gastrointestinal studies, and radiographic findings are described. Superficial esophageal ulceration and subtle mucosal abnormalities, which have not been seen on single-contrast radiographs, were confirmed on double-contrast radiographs. Erosions or ulcers usually occur in the region of the aortic arch and occasionally lower in the esophagus. Repeat esophagrams after withdrawal of the medication indicate resolution of the symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Barrett esophagus: reticular pattern of the mucosa.

Barrett esophagus is an acquired condition with progressive columnar metaplasia of the esophagus due to chronic reflux esophagitis. The premalignant nature of this entity is well recognized. However, radiologic diagnosis has been limited by the nonspecificity of findings associated with the condition. We recently reviewed 29 cases of pathologically proved Barrett esophagus. Radiologic examinations revealed hiatal hernias, gastroesophageal reflux, esophagitis, and strictures. None of these findings are diagnostic of Barrett esophagus. In seven cases, however, double-contrast radiography also revealed a delicate reticular pattern in the esophagus. In all but one case, there was an adjacent stricture, and this reticular appearance extended distally a short but variable distance from the stricture. To our knowledge, this unusual reticular pattern has not been described previously, and it represents a valuable radiologic sign of Barrett esophagus. The etiology of this finding is uncertain, but correlation with the gross surgical specimen in one case suggests that it results specifically from areas of "villous" metaplasia in Barrett epithelium. This delicate reticular pattern appears to be a specific radiologic criterion for the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus.

Adult↗
PubMed1969

Pyrimidine synthesis in Neurospora crassa: gene-enzyme relationships.

A new series of pyrimidine-requiring mutants of Neurospora has been isolated and all enzymes involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis are represented by at least one mutant. Among these mutants is included a single isolate for a new locus, pyr-6. This mutant is deficient in dihydroorotase (DHOase) and represents the only enzymatic step in orotate synthesis for which no mutant previously had been found. This mutant, which mapped genetically on the right arm of linkage group V, is unlinked to any of the other pyrimidine mutants. The DHOase-deficient mutant is also characterized by an unexpected growth behavior. The pyr-1 locus has been specifically associated with a lack of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHOdehase). Mutants isolated in this series for other pyrimidine loci have been related to previously isolated mutants by allelism, recombination, and accumulation studies.

Alleles↗
PubMed1969

Pyrimidine synthesis in Neurospora crassa: regulation of enzyme activities.

The regulation of several enzymes involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa has been studied. Elevation of ATCase (l-aspartate carbamoyltransferase) activity is found in all pyrimidine-requiring mutants when they are starved for uridine. DHOase (dihydroorotase) is an unstable enzyme, and it is impossible to conclude what type of regulation, if any, controls this enzyme. DHOdehase (dihydroorotate dehydrogenase) activity shows a marked elevation in uridine-starved pyr-2 cultures, a mutant blocked late in the pathway. Several mutants blocked early in the pathway show much smaller increases in DHOdehase activity and possible explanations for this are discussed. Differences in the modes of regulation of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways in various organisms are compared.

Amidohydrolases↗