Biomedical subjects

D F Busch

Publications and source records attributed to D F Busch.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1977

Cefoxitin: clinical evaluation in thirty-eight patients.

Clinical and bacteriological efficacy, patient tolerance, and toxicity of cefoxitin, a beta-lactamase-resistant cephamycin, were evaluated in 38 patients; 13 had soft tissue infection, 12 had pneumonia, 3 had urinary tract infection, 2 had peritonitis, and 4 had miscellaneous infections. In five patients, infection was clinically evident, though not bacteriologically proven. The latter patients were evaluated with regard to tolerance and toxicity only. Among the 34 infections in 33 patients, 71% were considered clinically cured; 86% of those patients who could be recultured were bacteriologically cured. Phlebitis was noted in 32% of the total group, and eosinophilia was observed in 16%. Unexplained deterioration in renal function occurred in two patients. Mean peak cefoxitin levels in serum were 72 mug/ml 30 min after a 2-g infusion and 32 mug/ml 30 min after a 1-g infusion. Cefoxitin was more active against facultatively and obligately anaerobic gram-negative organisms isolated from these patients than was cephalothin.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Activity of combinations of antimicrobial agents against Bacteroides fragilis.

Thirty-two clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis were tested against nine pairs of antimicrobial agents by means of an agar dilution technique. A synergistic effect was observed with the combination of clindamycin and metronidazole. End points were achieved with 17 strains. Of these strains, 13 (76%) were inhibited by the combination of clindamycin and metronidazole; each drug was present at a concentration of less than or equal to 25% of its minimal inhibitory concentration when tested alone. This combination also showed synergistic bactericidal activity against three of six strains examined by a tube dilution technique. No antagonism was noted with any strain. The other eight combinations tested failed to show a consistent synergistic effect, although no antagonism was observed. These in vitro data indicate that antagonism is not likely to be encountered when combination therapy is used for B. fragilis infections. For selected B. fragilis infections, the combination of clindamycin and metronidazole may be useful.

Amikacin↗

PubMed1976

Susceptibility of respiratory tract anaerobes to orally administered penicillins and cephalosporins.

Anaerobic bacteria recovered from airway-related infections were tested by agar dilution against selected penicillins and cephalosporins available for oral administration. Against 136 isolates, penicillins G and V showed comparable activity, particularly when pharmacological differences were considered. Although many isolates were exquisitely susceptible to the penicillins, only 55% of the Bacteroides species and 72% of all isolates were inhibited at 0.5 mug of penicillin G per ml. Results for penicillin V at 1 mug/ml were similar (59 and 73%). The two cephalosporins were more active at achievable levels, inhibiting 94 to 95% of Bacteroides and 95 to 96% of all isolates at 8 mug/ml. These levels represent approximately 50% of the reported peak serum levels after oral administration of 625 mg of the penicillins and 500 mg of the cephalosporins. Dicloxacillin and nafcillin were tested against 50 isolates. The two were comparably active on a weight basis; dicloxacillin was more active when pharmacological differences were considered, but did not match the other penicillins or the cephalosporins.

Anaerobiosis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cefoxitin for treatment of infections due to anaerobic bacteria.

Twenty-seven patients with 29 infections due to anaerobic or mixed anaerobic-aerobic bacteria were treated with cefoxitin. From the 27 patients 99 isolates of anaerobic bacteria and 70 isolates of aerobic bacteria were recovered. Twelve pleuropulmonary infections, 12 soft tissue infections, three bone infections, and two intraabdominal infections were treated. Twenty-six of the 29 infections were completely or partially eradicated; the remaining three infections were unchanged. One-third of the patients experienced phlebitis; in two instances severe phlebitis caused discontinuation of therapy. In this study cefoxitin appeared to be an effective single agent for the therapy of infections due to specific anaerobic bacteria or to a mixed flora of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Anaerobes in infections of the head and neck and ear, nose, and throat.

Anaerobic bacteria outnumber aerobes at most oropharyngeal sites, with counts up to 10(11)/ml of fluid, and have been implicated in infections of all structures of the head and neck. They are common in chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis, and various soft-tissue infections. These infections are initiated primarily by mucosal breaks. Bacterial factors such as adhesiveness and antileukocytic activity also may play a role. Among the complications of these infections are brain abscess, aspiration pneumonia, and anaerobic sepsis. Treatment includes surgical drainage and use of antimicrobial agents active against the mixed flora commonly found. Penicillin is currently the drug of choice, but this may change with the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing strains of anaerobes such as Bacteroides melaninogenicus.

Actinomycosis↗