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Biomedical subjects

D F Benson

Publications and source records attributed to D F Benson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Dementia of the Alzheimer type. An inventory of diagnostic clinical features.

An Inventory presenting characteristics useful in the clinical identification of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) is presented. The Inventory includes aphasia, amnesia, abnormal cognition and visuospatial skills, inappropriate lack of concern, and normal motor functions. In a retrospective study of 50 consecutive dementia patients, the DAT Inventory correctly identified 100% of DAT subjects and 94% of non-DAT cases. Utilization of positive criteria can aid in the identification of DAT and can facilitate recognition of treatable illnesses masquerading as DAT.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1986

Obsessions and compulsions in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

The incidence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) was assessed with a specially designed questionnaire. The Inventory was administered to patients with OCD, patients with GTS, and normal controls. Fifty-one percent of the patients with GTS had significantly elevated Inventory scores. The frequent occurrence of OCD in GTS suggests that the two disorders may share common neurobiologic mechanisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Neuroimaging and dementia.

The tremendous increase in dementia has created a need for improved diagnostic techniques, and each of the newly established brain imaging techniques has been applied to this problem. Several, particularly computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and isotope emission tomography, have proved valuable. Each procedure has strengths--specific disorders that can be diagnosed--and weaknesses--types of dementia that cannot be demonstrated.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1986

Interictal behavior disorders in epilepsy.

Psychiatric symptomatology is present in many epileptics and some is directly or indirectly related to the seizure activity. Interictal and chronic psychiatric problems are particularly troublesome; awareness of the symptom clusters may lead to better diagnosis and treatment of these problems.

Aggression↗
PubMed1986

Misdiagnosis of hysteria.

The diagnosis of hysteria is often incorrect and must be made with great caution. A retrospective study demonstrates that an erroneous diagnosis of hysteria is most likely to be given to females, the psychiatrically ill, patients who embellish and patients who present plausible psychogenic explanations for their illness. Movement disorders and paralysis are the neurologic disorders most frequently mislabeled as hysteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Late-life paraphrenia: an organic delusional syndrome.

Five patients with late-life onset of schizophrenic symptomatology (late-life paraphrenia) were found to have occult organic disorders. Although it was not possible to prove that the organic disorders were causal in these patients, none had any psychiatric illness until late in life and none had any significant risk factors for developing schizophrenia. This study demonstrates the need to investigate the medical and neurologic condition of any elderly patient presenting with a new onset of delusions. Modern investigative techniques may permit more accurate classification (and therapy) of some patients with late-life paraphrenia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Atypical conduction aphasia. A disconnection syndrome.

Conduction aphasia was originally proposed to result from separation of the posterior language comprehension area and the anterior motor speech area of the left hemisphere. The arcuate fasciculus has been the most frequently suggested site of such a disconnection, but the syndrome has been reported in cases in which the abnormality involved the dominant Wernicke's area. This challenges the arcuate fasciculus theory, and it has been suggested that a cortical lesion, not a disconnection, is the crucial factor. Three new cases in which the lesion does not lie in the arcuate fasciculus are reported, two in left-handed patients with left temporoparietal lesions and one in a right-handed patient with a right temporoparietal infarct, a "crossed" aphasia. While atypical, these cases offer evidence that disconnection of the circuit linking language comprehension to motor speech output, not damage to a specific cortical region, underlies the syndrome of conduction aphasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Subcortical dementia. Review of an emerging concept.

Subcortical dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by slowness of mental processing, forgetfulness, impaired cognition, apathy, and depression. First recognized in progressive supranuclear palsy and Huntington's disease, the concept has been extended to account for the intellectual impairment of Parkinson's disease, Wilson's disease, spinocerebellar degenerations, idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, the lacunar state, and the dementia syndrome of depression. Disorders manifesting subcortical dementia have pathologic changes that involve primarily the thalamus, basal ganglia, and related brain-stem nuclei with relative sparing of the cerebral cortex. Recent studies of neuropsychologic deficits following focal subcortical lesions also support a role for these structures in arousal, attention, mood, motivation, language, memory, abstraction, and visuospatial skills. The clinical characteristics of subcortical dementia differ from those of dementia of Alzheimer's type where prominent cerebral cortical involvement produces aphasia, amnesia, agnosia, and apraxia.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1984

Amnesia with hippocampal lesions after cardiopulmonary arrest.

A patient developed an amnesic syndrome after cardiopulmonary arrest. Neuropathologic examination revealed pronounced anoxic injury to both hippocampi with little damage to other hemisphere structures. The clinical and pathologic findings suggest that lesions limited to the hippocampus can cause profound amnesia.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1984

The neurology of human emotion.

Emotion can be considered the result of mood (the inner, subjective feelings), affect (the outer, objective manifestations of feeling), drive, and cognitive control. Research in the past several decades suggests a correlation between characteristic emotional disorders and abnormalities involving restricted neuroanatomical regions. Mood appears to be a product of the basal-limbic structures. Affect is more hemisphere influenced and the difference between nonverbal and verbal affect appears to reflect right and left hemispheric function. Drive can be considered a function of midline anterior anatomical structures while cognitive control, the ability to govern action by thought, seems to depend on frontal convexity and/or orbital frontal function. Emotion is a summation of these activities and emotional disorder may follow disturbance to any one or a combination of these separate functions.

Affect↗
PubMed1984

Altered mental status in the elderly.

Misdiagnosis of treatable dementia in the aged is costly to society and the family, and is unmeasurable in personal tragedy. The 4 Ds of the elderly--dementia, depression, delirium, and delusion--are discussed. Family physicians are encouraged to seek out treatable disease.

Aged↗