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Biomedical subjects

D Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to D Edwards.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Experience with mebendazole in the treatment of inoperable hydatid disease in England.

Eleven heterogeneous patients with inoperable hydatid disease were treated with high doses of oral mebendazole, up to 200 mg/kg/day for 16 to 48 weeks. Toxicity was not encountered. Despite careful assessment it proved difficult critically to evaluate the efficacy of mebendazole. In four patients chemotherapy appeared to have been at least partially successful and success seems to have correlated with serum levels in excess of 100 ng/ml one to three hours after dosage. The problems of assessment are discussed and the need for controlled trials of mebendazole in hydatid disease are stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the thorax in the diagnosis and management of malignant disease.

The role of computed tomography (CT) scanning in the investigation of patients with intrathoracic malignancy has not yet been clearly defined. Current evidence suggests that it is the most sensitive diagnostic imaging technique for identifying the extent of primary lung cancers and their relationship to intrathoracic anatomy. It is an advance in the staging of intrathoracic malignancy as it identifies adenopathy in the paratracheal region and the mediastinum more readily. Discovery of small (less than 0.8 mm) pulmonary nodules is common in patients with some extrathoracic malignant conditions, but differentiating malignant deposits from benign nodules remains a problem. CT has a potential place in radiotherapy field planning and in identifying lung cancers in the occasional patient presenting with suspicious symptoms or positive cytology and a normal chest radiograph.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1981

Protein binding of valproic acid in the presence of elevated free fatty acids in patient and normal human serum.

Two recent reports indicate that free fatty acids (FFA) can decrease the binding of valproic acid (VPA) to plasma proteins. Since FFA can increase in several physiological and clinical situations, it becomes necessary to define the relationship between elevated FFA and VPA free fraction. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, serum was obtained from nine patients who were receiving Intralipid. A base-line sample was taken when therapy was absent. A second sample was taken during or immediately after Intralipid therapy. Protein binding VPA (equilibrium dialysis) and FFA levels were determined on each sample. FFA increased in eight patients; the median increase was 80.1%. VPA free fractions increased in six of the eight patients showing an increase in FFA; the median increase in free fraction was 18.7%. Rank correlation between FFA differences and free fraction differences indicated a significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.800). In the second phase, oleic acid was added to normal serum in five different concentrations (500-5,000 microEq/liter) with VPA at 100 microgram/ml. Free fraction of VPA increased continuously from a blank value of 9.6% (+/- 1.4) to 44.1% (+/- 2.5) with increasing concentrations of oleic acid.

Fat Emulsions, Intravenous↗
PubMed1979

Positive results from outpatient mental health intervention.

Collected data on 3,342 outpatients over 2 years. A 4-year follow-up of successful outcomes was conducted on each of the cases. Hospitalized patients showed a 30% success rate. The success rate for the group that was recommended for no treatment was 60%. The success rate for patients who completed outpatient treatment increased to 78%. A patient's expectation of outcome, the clinician's assessment of reason for referral, the diagnosis, and age were the most powerful predictors of success. These findings demonstrate the following: (a) procedures for assessment and intervention can be successful; and (b) a significant portion of the population can be served by intervention with proper selection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of midterm integration on state and trait anxiety in black and white elementary school children.

This study investigated the effects of stress associated with school integration on state and trait anxiety for 637 Black and White fourth- fifth- and sixth-grade children. A court-ordered integration plan resulted in the transfer of children from all-White and all-Black schools into integrated schools 2 months before the end of the school year. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) was administered 1 week prior to the transfer and 6 weeks following transfer. Females who were transferred had higher state anxiety scores than nontransferred females, but there were no differences for males. Transferred Black and White children did not differ in state anxiety, but transferred Blacks were higher in trait anxiety than transferred Whites.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1979

Patent ductus arteriosus treated with ligation or indomethacin: a follow-up study.

The course and complications of fifty-two infants with patent ductus arteriosus requiring closure were assessed prospectively. Twenty-six infants with a PDA received indomethacin for pharmacologic closure of the PDA, and 26 underwent ligation. The current study analyzes and compares the longitudinal follow-up with respect to somatic growth, neurologic function, psychomotor and mental development, and renal, ophthalmologic, and audiologic function in 21 infants in each group who entered the follow-up. No selective morbidity was attributable to PDA closure with indomethacin when compared to surgically treated infants.

Child Development↗
PubMed1977

Disappearance of vesicoureteric reflux during long-term prophylaxis of urinary tract infection in children.

Seventy-five children aged 3 weeks to 12 years and found on investigation of symptomatic urinary infection to have vesicoureteric reflux were managed conservatively with continuous low-dose prophylaxis. Serial cystographic and renal growth studies were performed during seven to 15 years' follow-up. Reflux disappeared spontaneously in 53 children (71%) and from 79% of the affected ureters. This occurred at any age and not only in infancy or at puberty. The initial severity or reflux was the most important factor affecting the outcome. Reflux disappeared from 85% of ureters of normal calibre but from only 41% of dilated ureters. Gross reflux associated with existing severe renal scarring was least likely to disappear. Nevertheless, reflux stopped in 12 of the 19 initially scarred renal units (63%). Reflux was as likely to disappear in children who had a recurrence of urinary infection as in those who had no further infection. Renal growth appeared to be normal in 93% of kidneys and fresh or extending scarring was seen in only two children. Management programmes for children with vesicoureteric reflux should take into account the self-limiting nature of three-quarters of the reflux found on investigating uncomplicated urinary tract infection.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1977

Primary and secondary benefits from treatment for alcoholism.

The authors recorded diagnoses and total number of sick days for 148 men before and after treatment for alcoholism in a Navy alcoholic rehabilitation center. Over a 4-year period (2 years before and 2 years after treatment), there was a reduction of sick days for each man and a reduction of alcohol-and nonalcohol-related complaints. The authors stress the importance of valid evaluation criteria for alcohol rehabilitation programs.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1976

Metronidazole in prevention and treatment of bacteroides infections after appendicectomy.

The frequency of non-clostridial anaerobic infection was studied in 95 patients who had undergone acute appendicectomy: 49 received prophylactic metronidazole and 46 received placebo. Anaerobic infection did not develop in any of the metronidazole-treated patients, but infections did develop in nine (19%) of the 46 controls. Metronidazole is conveniently administered by suppository to patients who cannot take oral drugs. Five patients with intra-abdominal infections caused by non-clostridial anaerobes were successfully treated with metronidazole.

Adolescent↗