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Biomedical subjects

D E Noakes

Publications and source records attributed to D E Noakes.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Some experimental surgical techniques on the alimentary tract of young pigs.

The paper describes the surgical techniques used in the preparation of gastric, intestinal and caecal fistulae, intestinal re-entrant fistulae, gastric pouches and Thiry-Vella loops. A total of 189 pigs were used in the study ranging from 1 h to 16 weeks of age. All procedures were carried out under cyclopropane/oxygen anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1976

Gastric secretion and fermentation in the suckling pig.

1. The contribution to acidification of the stomach contents of pigs by hydrochloric acid secretion or by lactic acid produced by fermentation was studied in fifteen suckling pigs from six litters born and reared either in a 'conventional' environment or in an isolated 'clean' environment. Sequential samples of stomach contents obtained during periods of up to 24 h were analysed for their chloride and lactic acid contents, pH and total titratable acidity. These values gave a measure of organic and inorganic acids respectively. 2. Six pigs from two litters born and reared in a 'clean' environment had acid secretion in the stomach at 2 d of age, and the concentrations of lactic acid in stomach contents remained low (0-40 mmol/l) throughout the suckling period. 3. Eight pigs from three litters born and reared in a 'conventional' environment, and a ninth pig born in this environment but moved to the 'clean' environment at 24 h of age, had lactic acid in concentrations of up to 250 mmol/l in stomach contents within the 1st week of life. The pattern of lactic acid production (and hence the acidity of stomach contents) was governed by frequency of suckling. 4. Both between- and within-litter variation in the age of onset of HC1 secretion was evident in the group reared in a 'conventional' environment, and when HC1 secretion did occur it was usually accompanied by a reduction in lactic acid production. 5. It is concluded: (1) that the environment at birth is important in determining the fermentative ability of the stomach flora; (2) that if lactic acid is produced in large amounts in the stomach, it may partly or completely inhibit acidification by HC1.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Quantitative aspects of fatty acid biohydrogenation, absorption and transfer into milk fat in the lactating goat, with special reference to the cis- and trans-isomers of octadecenoate and linoleate.

1. Surgically prepared lactating goats were used to obtain quantitative information on the biohydrogenation and absorption of dietary fat, and on the mammary uptake and transfer into milk fat of the complex mixture of cis- and trans-isomers of octadecenoate that arise during ruminal biohydrogenation. 2. About 90% of dietary linolenate, linoleate and oleate was hydrogenated in the rumen, and the availability to the animals of the essential fatty acid, linoleate, represented only 0.5-1.5% of the total dietary energy. 3. The intra-ruminal administration of (14)C-labelled linolenate and linoleate showed that these acids were not absorbed from the rumen, in agreement with previous work. 4. No selectivity was observed in the metabolism of the geometrical and positional isomers of octadecenoate: their rates of absorption from the small intestine, transfer into lymph, uptake by the mammary gland and appearance in milk fat were similar. 5. The desaturase activity of intestinal epithelium was demonstrated by the appearance in lymph of [1-(14)C]oleate after the addition of [1-(14)C]stearate to the small intestine.

Animals↗