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Biomedical subjects

D E Greydanus

Publications and source records attributed to D E Greydanus.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Diabetes in adolescent patients: diagnostic dilemmas.

The classification of diabetes mellitus by types (1 or 2), or by age of onset (juvenile or adult), helps to clarify many aspects of pathophysiology, prognosis, and therapy. However, less-commonly encountered patients, presenting in childhood or adolescence, may not fit neatly into one or the other group. These include teenagers who present with new-onset diabetes with ketoacidosis, but who are later able to be managed permanently as type 2 patients. Other adolescent patients present with only minimal glucose intolerance, then proceed to develop type 1 diabetes, with evidence of autoimmune etiology, after a variable number of years. Four patients are presented to illustrate these diagnostic dilemmas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Contraception in the adolescent: an update.

Contraception remains an important part of national efforts to reduce adolescent pregnancy in the United States. A number of safe and effective contraceptive methods are available for our youth, including abstinence, barrier methods, oral contraceptives, Depo-Provera, and Norplant. Research over the past few decades has resulted in a variety of oral contraceptives with reduced amounts of hormones and reduced side-effects. A number of methods have received approval by the Food and Drug Administration since the last review in 1980, including emergency contraceptives, depomedroxyprogesterone acetate, and the cervical cap. The use of condoms and vaginal spermicides continues to be recommended for all sexually active adolescents to reduce (not eliminate) the risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases. A polyurethane condom is now available, in addition to the latex condom and other barrier contraceptives, including the following: diaphragm, cervical cap, vaginal sponge, female condom and vaginal spermicides. Because of continuing concerns about pelvic inflammatory disease related to intrauterine devices, currently available intrauterine devices are not recommended for most adolescents. Abortion is not considered as a contraceptive method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Adolescent violence: concepts for a new millennium.

Violence is a form of aggressive behavior that has a debilitating effect on the optimal growth and development of our youth. Violence pervades the lives of a significant proportion of all adolescents in the U.S., but has a particularly devastating impact on males and minority youth. Adolescent males are more likely to be victimizers and victims of violence and aggression, except in cases of sexual victimization and suicide attempts. For all adolescents, exposure to violence at home, school, or in the community is associated with aggression later in life, the development of supportive attitudes toward aggression and violence, psychological distress, school absenteeism, academic dysfunction, and subsequent injury. Violence has historical, cultural, and societal roots in our world. Until and unless we begin to understand where violence fits on the continuum of aggressive behavior and until we address the politics of violence, we will remain conflicted and paralyzed by the dangers our youth face. By understanding the social, political, and developmental aspects of violence and understanding the nature and characteristics of resilient children, we can better prepare our youth for life. We may not be able to protect our adolescents from exposure to violence, but we most certainly can help them develop the necessary skills to survive such exposure and work to enhance and strengthen their access to protective factors so that they can experience a healthy transition from adolescence to adulthood in this new millennium.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2000

Romance with the automobile in the 20th century: implications for adolescents in a new millennium.

Nearly three-fourths of deaths among American adolescents and young adults result from only four causes: motor vehicle accidents, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Thirty percent of those deaths result from motor vehicle accidents, the number one cause of death among adolescents. A number of factors that influence the morbidity and mortality are associated with driving. Compared to other countries, it is easier for American adolescent to obtain a relatively inexpensive license and gain access to a car. For the young driver, adolescent development and increased risk taking, inexperience, dangerous driving behavior, and alcohol-related factors are of special significance. In this article, we review recent crash statistics as well as effectiveness of various preventive measures, including driver education, graduated licensing, alcohol-related measures, and vehicle-related factors. Graduated licensing and alcohol-related measures have been the most effective measures so far.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2000

Office interventions for adolescent smokers.

Smoking-prevention efforts can be undertaken at a national level, with enactment and enforcement of laws on the use of tobacco products by youth; at the state and local level, with involvement of community organizations; and through school systems, with education regarding the harmful effects of tobacco use. This review, however, focuses on the role of individual practitioners who also can make significant contributions by working at an individual level to incorporate prevention and treatment strategies in their daily medical practice. This article reviews two types of smoking cessation interventions-behavioral and pharmacologic. Currently available data on the prevention and treatment of nicotine addiction in adolescents, particularly pharmacotherapy, are quite limited. The individual clinician can contribute to prevention and treatment of tobacco use among children and adolescents by using many of the known behavioral and pharmacologic strategies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Adolescent growth, development, and psychosocial aspects of sports participation: an overview.

This chapter examines sports participation in the context of adolescent growth and development. Because the nature of sports participation is highly organized and competitive, it is imperative that parents, coaches, physicians, and other clinicians remember that they may be placing increased pressures on the adolescent to perform and practice. The authors review the impact of physical growth and psychosocial development and also describe how substance abuse, depression, and aggressive behavior may or may not be influenced by sports participation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The breast and sports: issues for the clinician.

Although a number of recent reviews have focused on the effects of exercise and sports on menstrual function, minimal emphasis has been placed on how the breast is affected. Increasing numbers of female athletes are participating in previously male-dominated contact sports; the effect on overall breast health from medium-to-high impact activities remains to be seen. This article reviews the basic anatomy and embryology of breast tissue, outlines various problems of the breast that the adolescent athlete may encounter, and offers management strategies for such problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The rebellious adolescent. Evaluation and management of oppositional and conduct disorders.

A wide variety of management options are available to the primary care physician who is presented with a rebellious adolescent. After a careful assessment, the clinician and other health care professionals can choose a diverse combination of interventions: individual therapy, family therapy, youth-centered programs, community-centered programs, psychopharmacology, and others. Rebellious adolescents need access to comprehensive medical and mental health care, academic education (including sexuality education), and full employment opportunities. Primary care physicians can play a vital and sometimes pivotal role coordinating services and helping parents, school personnel, and therapists work with these youth. Even when dealing with the very difficult and resistant group of youth with CD and ODD, optimism for improvement should always be maintained by the clinician.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Contraception in the adolescent. Preparation for the 1990s.

An overview of current and future contraceptive methods available to the adolescent is presented. Emphasis is given to oral contraceptives, including low-dose monophasics and triphasics. Current research confirms the efficacy and safety or oral contraceptives for teenagers. Other methods are reviewed, such as the mini-pill, barrier contraceptives (including the cervical cap and female condom), injectable contraceptives, hormonal contraceptive implants, the vaginal ring, postcoital contraception, periodic abstinence, gossypol, and others. Though abstinence is the best contraceptive method for adolescents, contraceptive technology of the 1990s presents clinicians and sexually active youth with many additional options.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Breast disorders in children and adolescents.

A review of pediatric breast disorders is provided, with particular attention given to the topics of fibroadenoma, cystosarcoma phylloides, breast infections, breast cancer, and benign breast disease. The pediatric clinician is strongly encouraged to include the breast system as part of a complete examination and educational process.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1987

Examination of sexually abused adolescents.

The care of the sexually assaulted adolescent demands an integrated, sensitive approach to psychologic and medical needs, along with careful follow-up. This care is best provided by knowledgeable and supportive individuals. This discussion has reviewed definitions of sexual assault terms, potential psychologic reactions, physical evaluation of these individuals, and therapy considerations.

Adaptation, Psychological↗