Fertilization and cleavage of rhesus monkey oocytes in vitro.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
D E Boatman
Publications and source records attributed to D E Boatman.
Direct demonstration of the formation of prostaglandin E2 due to phosphatidylinositol breakdown associated with stimulation of enzyme secretion in the pancreas.
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Animals↗
An enzymatically driven membrane reconstitution from solubilized components.
Acyltransferase activity is present in a variety of membranes species, including liver microsomes. The substrates of this enzyme are lysophosphatides and acyl CoA derivatives. We have found that the detergent effect of these substrates can be used to solubilize rat liver microsomes. If the solubilized fraction in incubated, the acyltransferase acylates the lysophosphatide and thereby degrades the detergent effect so that vesicular membranes re-form. Gel electrophoresis patterns show that the reconstituted membranes contain all of the major protein components of the original microsomes. A marker enzyme for liver microsomes, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, was present in the reconstituted membranes at 70% of the specific activity in the original microsomes, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy showed intramembrane particles on all fracture faces. The system may provide a useful model for studies particles on all fracture faces. This system may provide a useful model for studies of certain membrane biogenesis reactions that utilize acyltransferase in vivo.
Acyl Coenzyme A↗
Addition of hypotaurine can reactivate immotile golden hamster spermatozoa.
Hamster epididymal spermatozoa became virtually immotile following washing and dilution in chemically defined medium (TLP-PVA). The sperm motility factors (penicillamine, hypotaurine, and epinephrine: PHE) were examined for their ability to reactivate immotile sperm. Sperm could be reactivated by addition of PHE at 1 h of incubation. Hypotaurine alone was capable of reactivating sperm motility, but epinephrine and penicillamine together were not. However, overall sperm motility and percentage of motile sperm during incubation were higher when PHE components were used in combination than when hypotaurine was used alone. Addition of hypotaurine to immotile sperm suspensions could be postponed for up to 6 h with subsequent recovery of sperm motility, although the degree of recovery of motility declined progressively with each hour that addition of hypotaurine was delayed. The rescuing effect of hypotaurine was due to an increase both in the percentage of motile sperm and in the quality (grade) of sperm motility. The data show that hypotaurine is required for expression of sperm motility in the hamster, and support the concept that the loss of hypotaurine from sperm following washing and dilution is responsible for the sperm-immobilizing effect of these procedures. Additionally, the data demonstrate that hamster sperm can remain viable for several hours after becoming immotile, and that many of the immotile sperm are capable of being reactivated.
Animals↗