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Biomedical subjects

D E Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to D E Anderson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A genetic linkage study of familial breast-ovarian cancer.

Linkage analysis was conducted in 17 families identified by the familial occurrence of breast and ovarian cancer using a series of 17 serologic and biochemical markers. Lod scores suggestive of linkage of breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility to the RH blood group locus on chromosome 1p were obtained. When the presence of fibrocystic disease of the breast in a first-degree relative of an affected family member was added as an indicator of susceptibility, the evidence for linkage increased. No evidence of linkage to GPT or ABO, both previously suggested to be linked to breast cancer susceptibility, was seen in this study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Distal deletion of chromosome Ip in ductal carcinoma of the breast.

By use of recombinant DNA probes that correspond to genetic loci residing on human chromosome 1, DNA samples from 37 ductal breast carcinomas and constitutional DNA from the same individuals were tested for loss of heterozygosity. A high frequency (41%) of reduction to homozygosity was detected with the probe p1-79, which recognizes the highly polymorphic locus D1Z2, localized on 1p36. Loss of heterozygosity at other chromosome 1 loci was much less common, not exceeding a frequency of 10%, and was never observed in the absence of the D1Z2 loss. Somatic loss of heterozygosity at D1Z2 was more frequent in patients with a strong family history of breast cancer (60%), in patients with early diagnosis (before 45 years of age) (70%), and in those with multiple tumors or tumor foci (50%) than in patients with none of the characteristics of hereditary tumors (21%). No associations were observed between loss of heterozygosity and prognostic factors. These results suggest that inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene located on the distal portion of chromosome 1p, alone or combined with other genetic changes, may represent a fundamental step in the pathogenesis of ductal carcinoma of the breast.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Bioavailability of estradiol as a marker for breast cancer risk assessment.

The search for a hormonal marker in breast cancer has centered on estrogens and their metabolites. However, direct measurements of total amounts of these steroids have shown no convincing or consistent differences between normal women and women with breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to measure the percentages of non-protein-bound estradiol (%NPBE) and of estradiol bound to albumin (%ABE) and the levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) both in women with breast cancer and in those free of disease. Serum was collected and analyzed within 2 weeks, using an isodialysis method. The mean %NPBE and %ABE were significantly higher in 32 women with breast cancer (1.73 and 64.0%, respectively) than in 32 matched disease-free women (1.43 and 48.6%, respectively) (P less than 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the levels of plasma albumin when the above matched groups were compared. However, plasma levels of SHBG were significantly lower in the women with breast cancer than in either the control population or matched controls. In this finding we differ from previous studies which reported no significant differences in the mean plasma levels of SHBG. In our study, the increased %NPBE and %ABE in some patients with breast cancer may be related to a lower level of plasma SHBG; other factors, too, may affect the distribution of estradiol. Our results support the hypothesis than an increase in %NPBE and %ABE or both may indicate an increased risk of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Behavioural hypertension in sodium-loaded dogs is accompanied by sustained sodium retention.

Instrumented dogs were presented with two daily avoidance conditioning sessions during 12 days of continuous saline infusion (1.3 l/day). Avoidance conditioning of sodium-loaded dogs resulted in progressive 24-h hypertension over the 12-day conditioning periods (systolic, 21 +/- 3 mmHg; diastolic, 15 +/- 1 mmHg) accompanied by a decreased 24-h heart rate (-14.8 +/- 4.0 beats/min). Under these conditions, renal excretion of sodium decreased relative to sodium intake (-88 +/- 19 mmol/12 days) while urine volume was increased relative to water intake (0.18 +/- 0.07 l/day). The sodium retention was accompanied by increased plasma sodium levels (1.8 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) and decreased plasma calcium levels (-1.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/l). Daily creatinine clearance decreased during the development of hypertension (-53 +/- 13% per day). Subsequently, each dog was exposed to 12 days of saline infusion in the absence of avoidance sessions. Under these conditions, arterial pressure and sodium balance remained stable. It was concluded that the rapidly developing and reversible hypertension occurring in sodium-loaded dogs exposed to recurrent behavioural stress is mediated by increased levels of total body sodium.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Survival in familial breast cancer patients.

This study was conducted to measure survival in breast cancer patients differing in their familiarity of the disease. A total of 556 familial patients and 4551 general patients were evaluated. Survival was higher with bilateral than unilateral disease in both groups of patients. This difference was observed only when survival was measured from the first primary; it disappeared when survival was measured from the second primary. Three groups of familial patients, who likely differed in genetic risk, had similar survival curves. They were also similar to a general series patients when stage of disease was controlled and the comparison involved primarily unilateral patients. Previous reports of increased survival in familial and bilateral patients were thus not confirmed. The previous results were likely the consequence of bias arising from measuring survival from the first primary. Survival does not appear to be influenced by family history or laterality of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Operant conditioning, sodium loading, and experimental hypertension.

Chronically instrumented, tethered dogs were presented with brief but recurrent avoidance conditioning tasks over periods of days of high sodium/potassium intake. Under these conditions, mean 24-h arterial pressure levels increased progressively. By contrast, arterial pressure did not rise in stressed dogs on a normal sodium/potassium diet, or in sodium-loaded, nonstressed dogs. The development of the sodium-dependent behavioral hypertension was accompanied by progressive bradycardia, decrease in glomerular filtration rate and decreased renal excretion of sodium during the first few days, but increased output of urine volume. Termination of the avoidance schedules and saline infusion was associated with a return to normotensive pressure levels. The results of preliminary studies involving use of alpha adrenergic blocking drugs or renal denervation do not support the view that the sodium retention was mediated by increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Additionally, activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was decreased in these hypertensive dogs. Studies of the pituitary-adrenal axis may elucidate the physiological mechanism responsible for this form of behavioral hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Suppression of plasma renin and aldosterone in stress-salt hypertension in dogs.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) of 12 intact chronically instrumented dogs were measured at midday after 1) 7-12 days of normal sodium intake and no behavioral stress, 2) 7-12 days of continuous saline infusion (1.34 l/day) only, and/or 3) 7-12 days of saline infusion and avoidance-conditioning sessions. The saline infusion procedure did not significantly change arterial pressure or heart rate relative to base line but was associated with a consistent decrease in PRA (-0.90 +/- 0.38 ng angiotensin I . ml-1 . h-1) and PAC (-3.6 +/- 1.1 ng/dl). The combination of saline infusion and avoidance conditioning resulted in significant elevations in arterial pressure, but, again, both PRA (-1.46 +/- 0.16 ng angiotensin I . ml-1 . h-1) and PAC (-3.7 +/- 1.1 ng/dl) were significantly decreased. These results show that high sodium intake decreased aldosterone via suppression of renin release but do not rule out a possible hypertensinogenic role for stress-induced adrenocorticotrophic hormone-sensitive corticoids.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1986

Mediastinal imaging in lung cancer.

Sixty-six patients with lung cancer underwent mediastinal staging with gallium scanning, CT scanning and mediastinal exploration at mediastinoscopy and/or thoracotomy. Histological findings at time of mediastinal exploration were correlated with the results of the non-invasive staging scans. Gallium scanning had an accuracy of 78.8 per cent and CT scanning had an accuracy of 77.3 per cent. There was no evidence of increased test accuracy by performing both scans in the same individual. Either scanning technique may be utilised as a simple non-invasive mediastinal staging procedure, and where negative it is appropriate to proceed directly to thoracotomy.

Gallium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1986

Augmentative communication, evolution, and progress for nonspeaking children.

Technology has provided a recent emergence of augmentative communications systems for nonspeaking children. The effective use of such systems is dependent on the knowledge and skills of physicians, speech-language pathologists, educators, parents, and other professionals working with the child. This article examines the components of an augmentative system including the mode of communication, which includes choices among manual, non-electronic, and electronic systems. The advantages of each mode are discussed. Another major component, the symbol selection process, follows an ascending hierarchy from a representational code involving actual objects to a complex symbolic code with spelling and numerals. Clinical application at the Child Development and Rehabilitation Center of the Oregon Health Sciences University points to the need for thorough interdisciplinary team evaluation during system selection or modification. Data obtained from assessment of 28 multihandicapped children reveal necessary changes, additions, and follow-up for both the mode and symbol system in the majority of children examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Bilaterality in familial breast cancer patients.

The authors conducted this study to determine the probability of a second primary developing in the contralateral breast of a patient, based on her present age, age at her first breast primary, and family history of breast cancer in her mother, sister, or second-degree relative. The study involved 556 patients. With premenopausal diagnosis of the first primary, the probabilities to the 19th year for the three types of family histories ranged from 35% to 38%; with postmenopausal diagnosis, they ranged from 11% to 26%. The probability for all familial patients was 28%. This contrasts with a probability of 13% reported for a general series of patients. An early age at diagnosis and family history of the disease thus have important enhancing effects on the development of second primaries. This information could be useful to physicians in deciding how best to manage the treatment of their patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Risk of familial breast cancer.

The probabilities of developing breast cancer to and between various ages were estimated for 699 sisters of patients from three pedigree groups: sisters of patients whose (1) mothers, (2) sisters, or (3) second-degree relatives had previous breast cancer. The pedigree source of the patient and the laterality of disease had important effects on her sister's risk, whereas her age at diagnosis had virtually no effect. The highest life-time risks to sisters occurred when the patient had bilateral disease, an affected mother (25 +/- 7.2%), or an affected sister (28 +/- 11%). The risks reduced to 18 +/- 3.3% and 14 +/- 2.6%, respectively, with unilateral disease. Sisters of patients with an affected second-degree relative manifested a risk of 4 +/- 1.8% only with unilateral disease. Although the sisters' probabilities to age 70 were similar in pedigrees with affected mothers and sisters, the interval probabilities for successive 10-year periods suggested an earlier disease occurrence in the mother than sister pedigree groups when the patient had bilateral disease. The current results and those of others underscore the need for caution in applying probabilities for counseling women about their breast cancer risks.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage after coronary artery bypass surgery.

A patient had a spontaneous intracerebellar hemorrhage following coronary artery bypass surgery. His clinical course, characterized by headaches, gait ataxia, and then signs of brain stem compression, is emphasized. Following diagnosis by cranial computerized tomography, successful surgical decompression by suboccipital craniotomy was performed. Reports of neurologic complications, especially intracranial hemorrhage, following coronary artery bypass surgery, are reviewed. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms for these problems, and the diagnosis and treatment of this previously undescribed complication of coronary artery bypass surgery are discussed.

Cerebellar Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiology of breast cancer in a Mexican-American population.

This is a historical cohort study of breast cancer mortality in the Mexican-American community of Laredo, Texas. Included in this study were virtually all breast cancer deaths recorded in Laredo since 1875; controls matched to cases by age and birth year were drawn from the total population. Fertility history and family history of disease for cases and controls were retrieved from the genealogical data base reconstructed by our group from church and civil records for the whole city of Laredo. The findings of this study show an association between breast cancer risk and age at first birth. This study confirms familial risk to be a factor in breast cancer risk. Unlike postmenopausal breast cancer mortality in the total U.S. population, which has increased only slightly in the last 30-40 years, postmenopausal breast cancer death rates in Laredo have almost tripled since the 1940's.

Adult↗