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PubMedDate not supplied

Cellular expression of tumor necrosis factor a and its receptors in human ischemic stroke.

We evaluated by immunocytochemistry cellular localization and time-dependent expression of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha) and its receptors p55 (TNF-RI) and p75 (TNF-R2) in human ischemic brains. We observed them in microglia, neurons, astrocytes, macrophages and blood vessels. Since TNF-alpha expression was very intense and prolonged in microglia, it probably constitutes the main cellular source of the cytokine following cerebral ischemia in humans. Constitutive expression of TNF-alpha receptors was observed in neurons and blood vessels while in other cells it was induced by ischemia. In macrophages, dominant immunolabeling for TNF-R2 was seen. In other cells, immunoreactions for both types of TNF-alpha receptors were similar but the pattern of immunostaining was different: homogenous for TNF-R1 and granular for TNF-R2. Beneficial and detrimental role of TNF-alpha in cerebral ischemia and supposed mechanisms of action are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Extensive mixed vascular malformation clinically imitating multiple sclerosis--case report.

Vascular malformations usually develop as a result of influence of teratogenic factor(s) acting in the defined embryonic/fetal period. However, in the case examined by us, various types of vascular malformations formed in different periods of the ontogenic development were found. They were seen in all parts of the central nervous system and clinically mimicked multiple sclerosis. On the background of generalized ischemic lesions of the CNS, certain kinds of vascular malformations were seen: cavernous or fetallike vessels within meninges, superficially located capillary angioma penetrating into the brain and spinal cord white matter, and arterio-venous pathological conglomerates forming meningeal angiomatosis. In pathological vessels, immunocytochemical assessment of vascular endothelium with antibodies against antigens CD31, CD34, von Willebrand factor and lectin Ulex europaeus was normal but examination of the vascular basal membrane compounds revealed poor immunoreactivity to laminin and fibronectin. There were no disturbances in expression of angiopoietin, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors Tie-1/2, PDGFR-alpha/beta, endoglin and Flk-1, respectively. The presence of various types of pathological vessels originating from different ontogenic periods indicates remittent or prolonged influence of teratogenic factor(s) in all periods of fetal vessel development.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebral thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: case report].

Clinical, radiological and postmortem findings in a 25-year old woman with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) who developed cerebral thrombosis are presented. The pathogenesis of the PNH is discussed.

Adult↗