Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Dutta

Publications and source records attributed to D Dutta.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Evidence for valencelike quark-hadron duality

A newly obtained data sample of inclusive electron-nucleon scattering from both hydrogen and deuterium targets is analyzed. These JLab data span the nucleon resonance region up to four-momentum transfers of 5 (GeV/c)(2). The data are found to follow an average scaling curve. The inclusion of low-momentum transfer data yields a scaling curve resembling deep inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering data, suggesting a sensitivity to valencelike structure only.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Experimental verification of quark-hadron duality

A newly obtained sample of inclusive electron-nucleon scattering data has been analyzed for precision tests of quark-hadron duality. The data are in the nucleon resonance region, and span the range 0. 3<Q2<5.0 (GeV/c)(2). Duality is observed both in limited and extended regions around the prominent resonance enhancements. Higher twist contributions to the F2 structure function are found to be small on average, even in the low Q2 regime of approximately 0.5 (GeV/c)(2). Using duality, an average scaling curve is obtained. In all cases, duality appears to be a nontrivial property of the nucleon structure function.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Mechanism of store-operated calcium entry.

Activation of receptors coupled to the phospholipase C/IP3 signalling pathway results in a rapid release of calcium from its intracellular stores, eventually leading to depletion of these stores. Calcium store depletion triggers an influx of extracellular calcium across the plasma membrane, a mechanism known as the store-operated calcium entry or capacitative calcium entry. Capacitative calcium current plays a key role in replenishing calcium stores and activating various physiological processes. Despite considerable efforts, very little is known about the molecular nature of the capacitative channel and the signalling pathway that activates it. This review summarizes our current knowledge about store operated calcium entry and suggests possible hypotheses for its mode of activation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The importance of identifying intracranial haemorrhage as a cause of transient focal neurological symptoms.

Until recently, there have been no reports of intracerebral haemorrhage presenting with transient neurological symptoms. We present two cases of intracerebral haemorrhage presenting as transient ischaemic attacks and discuss the radiological changes on early and late CT scans. It would seem justified to scan most patients presenting with TIA early to institute appropriate secondary prevention measures.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The use of polymer-bound triphenylphosphine in the stereochemical inversion of secondary alcohols.

Polymer-bound triphenylphosphine can replace triphenylphosphine in the Mitsunobu reaction to generate stereochemically inverted secondary alcohols. This method is comparable with the standard Mitsunobu reaction in terms of inversion of stereochemistry, yield, and reaction time, even for sterically very hindered secondary alcohols. The special merit of this reaction is that the excess polymer-bound triphenylphosphine and its by-products are easily removed by filtration from the reaction products.

Alcohols↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of oral hypo-osmolar glucose-based and rice-based oral rehydration solutions in the treatment of cholera in children.

UNLABELLED: In a randomized controlled clinical trial, the efficacy of a low-sodium low-glucose oral rehydration solution (ORS) and a low-sodium rice-based ORS was compared with standard WHO glucose ORS in the treatment of severe cholera in children aged 2-10y. In total, 120 children were evaluated for the study, of whom 58 patients were positive for Vibrio cholerae and were included in the study. Of these 58 cases, 19 received rice-based hypo-osmolar ORS, 20 received WHO-ORS and 19 received glucose-based hypo-osmolar ORS. The clinical characteristics (age, preadmission duration of diarrhoea, frequency of stool before admission, incidence of vomiting, body weight and volume of initial fluid requirement) were comparable in the three treatment groups. All patients received tetracycline in a dose of 50 mg/kg/d of body weight in 4 divided doses for 3 d. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who received rice-based hypo-osmolar ORS had subsequently reduced (p < 0.05) stool output, ORS consumption and diarrhoea duration than the patients who received either WHO-ORS or glucose-based hypo-osmolar ORS.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. associated with acute diarrhoeal disease.

The prevalence of different serotypes of non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. among patients suffering from acute diarrhoea admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Calcutta was investigated. The predominant serogroup was C and Salmonella infantis was the major serotype isolated followed by S. worthington, S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. weltevereden and S. newport. All the Salmonella strains were isolated from adults. Multidrug resistance to various antimicrobial agents was observed in 37.5 per cent of the strains. All the strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and gentamycin.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

CT brain scans after acute stroke: how far are we from meeting the Scottish intercollegiate guidelines network (SIGN) recommendations? Results from the year prior to guideline publication.

OBJECTIVE: To determine what proportion of patients admitted to Ninewells Hospital & Medical School in 1996 with acute stroke underwent CT brain scans and in what time frame. To decide if the targets set by the SIGN guidelines can be met, and if not, the reasons for this. DESIGN: Data from the Dundee Ninewells Stroke Register and the Computerised Radiology Information System were used to determine the timing of CT scanning in relation to stroke and admission. Notes were also reviewed to determine why CT scans had not been done in some patients. SETTING: Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School Dundee. SUBJECTS: All patients admitted with acute stroke in the calendar year 1996. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty six patients presented with acute stroke in 1996. Of these patients, 250 patients (87%) had a CT brain scan. Eighty three (29%) underwent CT brain scanning within 48 hours of the acute event. A total of 163 (57%) were scanned within a week. Two hundred and thirty three (81%) were scanned within three weeks. Thirty six patients were not scanned after their acute event and the reasons recorded are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Less than two-thirds of patients were scanned within the time interval of seven days recommended in the SIGN Guidelines for stroke management. Implementation of the current SIGN Guidelines will therefore, require reorganisation of the service to ensure that all patients receive scans within seven and preferably within two days and may have resource implication.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Association of a disease approximating cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae of serogroups other than O1 and O139.

One hundred and six patients suffering from severe dehydrating diarrhoea were studied of whom 36 patients were positive for Vibrio cholerae. Out of 36, 15 were positive for V. cholerae O1, 10 for V. cholerae O139 and 11 for V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139. O1 and O139 were positive for the 301-bp ctxA amplicon and 471-bp tcpA amplicon indicating that the strains possessed toxigenic capability whereas no non-O1 non-O139 strain possessed ctxA or tcpA genes. Post-admission severity of purging and amount of ORS required were less in the V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 group (P < 0.05) compared to the V. cholerae O1 and O139 groups. It appears from this study that a cholera-like clinical condition can be caused in the absence of CT as exemplified by strains of non-O1 non-O139.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Efficacy of oral hyposmolar glucose-based and rice-based oral rehydration salt solutions in the treatment of cholera in adults.

BACKGROUND: Recent animal experiments and clinical trials have shown that both osmolarity and rice as the organic components are important factors for net intestinal absorption of an oral rehydration salt solution. METHODS: In a controlled clinical trial 123 male adult patients with severe cholera, after initial rehydration with intravenous Ringer's lactate solution, were randomly assigned to receive one of the four oral rehydration salt solutions: WHO ORS, ORS containing 70 mmol/l Na+ and 16.2 g/l glucose, rice ORS containing 50 g/l rice and 90 mmol/l Na+, and rice ORS containing 50 g/l rice and 70 mmol/l Na+. All patients received 300 mg of doxycycline as a single dose. RESULTS: Patients who received rice-low-sodium ORS subsequently had lower (P < 0.05) stool output, ORS consumption, and diarrhoea duration than the other three ORS groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that rice-based low-sodium ORS is superior for treating adult cholera.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The management of acute headache in adults in an acute admissions unit.

There have been no previously published studies about acute admissions with headaches to a medical admissions ward. In our retrospective case-note study of all patients admitted with headaches to the acute medical admission ward of Ninewells Hospital, Dundee over a six-month period, there were 114 admissions with headache (2.4% of all admissions). CT scans were done in 68 (59.6%) and were abnormal in 21 patients. Twenty four patients (21.1%) had serious underlying causes for headaches. Predictors for CT abnormalities are discussed. Eighteen patients had lumbar punctures and six had abnormal results. Most patients were discharged after one day, nine were transferred to the neurosurgical unit and there were two deaths. Deficiencies in record keeping were identified as was a lack of precision in diagnosis. Changes in practice are needed to improve patient care and perhaps national guidelines are required.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Uncooked rice powder in oral rehydration solution: an alternative to glucose or cooked rice powder.

Glucose-based or rice-based ORS is the standard treatment in acute dehydrating diarrhoea. However, glucose may not be easily available in remote villages and the rice needs to be cooked for rice-based ORS. We embarked on a study to examine whether uncooked rice powder could be used as an alternative to glucose or cooked rice powder in ORS. Initially, 50 adult male patients (aged 18 to 55 yr) were randomized to receive glucose-ORS or uncooked rice ORS, in two equal groups. Subsequently, 20 male children (aged 3 to 12 yr) were also enrolled in the study and received either WHO-ORS or study ORS. All the adult patients and the children could be successfully rehydrated with ORS containing uncooked rice powder. As compared to WHO-ORS, the study ORS significantly reduced stool output (6.60 +/- 1.24 vs. 5.88 +/- 1.34 l), ORS intake (9.17 +/- 1.54 vs 8.24 +/- 1.69 l) and duration of diarrhoea (45.68 +/- 6.91 vs 41.32 +/- 6.03 h). In children also similar results were obtained. No clinical complication (e.g., vomiting, abdominal pain etc.) or abnormality in serum electrolyte concentrations was encountered either in the adults or in the children. Uncooked rice powder containing ORS can be considered as an alternative to glucose-based ORS or rice-based ORS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Double-blind, randomized clinical trial for safety and efficacy of norfloxacin for shigellosis in children.

In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, the efficacy and safety of norfloxacin were compared with nalidixic acid in the treatment of shigellosis in children. Out of 59 cases, Shigella spp. were isolated from 8 cases in the nalidixic acid group and 14 cases in the norfloxacin group. The norfloxacin group had significantly less duration of diarrhoea and presence of blood in stool as compared to the nalidixic acid group. No joint problem was encountered in this study at up to 4 months follow-up. Norfloxacin is safe and effective and showed no cartilage toxicity on short-term follow-up.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1997

Frequency of isolation of toxigenic Clostridium difficile from healthy adults.

An attempt was made to isolate Clostridium difficile from 129 faecal specimens from 87 young and 42 elderly healthy adults. C.difficile was isolated using bacterial culture from 7 (5.4%) specimens and the frequency of isolation of toxigenic C. difficile as detected by cytotoxin (tissue culture) assay was 1.1 per cent and 2.4 per cent in healthy young and elderly adults respectively. The carrier rate of toxigenic C. difficile amongst healthy adults is relatively low in this part of our country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy of norfloxacin and doxycycline for treatment of vibrio cholerae 0139 infection.

An open randomised controlled clinical trial with 160 adults with acute watery diarrhoea and severe dehydration compared the efficacy of varying regimens of norfloxacin and doxycycline for the treatment of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae 0139 Bengal. Data were analysed for the 111 patients who were faeces culture positive for V. cholerae 0139. In addition to rehydration therapy, 28 patients received 300 mg of doxycycline as a single dose on admission, 26 patients received norfloxacin 400 mg bd for three days, 28 patients received a single dose of 800 mg of norfloxacin and 29 patients received no antibiotic (control group). Patients in the three treatment groups and control group had comparable characteristics on admission. All three treatment groups had reduced stool output, duration of diarrhoea and fluid intake compared with the control group. Multidose norfloxacin treatment significantly reduced stool output, duration of diarrhoea and fluid requirement compared with the other regimens.

Adult↗