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Biomedical subjects

D Duncalf

Publications and source records attributed to D Duncalf.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Prevention of succinylcholine induced hyperkalemia by neurolept anesthesia and hexafluorenium in anephric patients.

Forty patients, half of them with normal kidney function, the other half anephric were included in the study. All received diphenhydramine, meperidine and atropine for premedication and droperidol, fentanyl, N2O and O2 for anesthesia. For endotracheal intubation and further relaxation 0.3 mg/kg hexafluorenium, followed in 5 minutes by 0.2 mg/kg succinylcholine were given intravenously. Anesthesia was maintained by 0.5 micrograms/kg increments of fentanyl, muscle relaxation by increments of 0.15 mg/kg or less hexafluorenium and 0.2 mg/kg or less succinylcholine, depending on the surgical time requirements. The drop in serum potassium concentration was sustained and similar in both groups. In the anephric group the drop after induction of neurolept anesthesia was statistically significant. The concentration remained low in both groups over the entire observation period. Unchanged serum sodium excluded hemodilution and the fact that there was no significant change in PvCO2 and pH mitigates against alkalosis as the cause for the observed drop. The anesthesia and muscle relation, as described, appears to be a suitable and hazard free alternative to other techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prevention of suxamethonium-induced changes in serum potassium concentration by hexafluorenium. Is their combined use justified?

Sixty patients, none of whom was suffering from renal failure, received neurolept anaesthesia. They were divided into six groups of 10 patients each. Groups I and IV, II and V, and III and VI were given suxamethonium 0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 mg kg-1 respectively. Groups IV-VI were pretreated with hexafluorenium 0.3 mg kg-1. The serum potassium concentration decreased significantly after the induction of anaesthesia and also following the administration of hexafluorenium. Neither suxamethonium 0.2 mg nor 0.6 mg kg-1 with or without hexafluorenium restored the potassium concentration to the control value. Suxamethonium 1.0 mg kg-1 alone caused the serum potassium to increase to values greater than control; hexafluorenium attenuated this effect. The combination of hexafluorenium and suxamethonium may be of benefit in patients who are anephric or are in chronic renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The agonist and antagonist properties of N-allylenkephalins.

The agonist (ID 50) and antagonist (Ke) potencies of the newly synthesized N-allyl derivatives of Met5-enkephalin and Leu5-enkephalin were compared with those of their respective parent compounds on the myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea-pig ileum. N-allyl substitution of the aminenitrogen in the Met5-enkephalin significantly decreased both the ID 50 and the Ke. In contrast, similar substitution in Leu5-enkephalin did not significantly alter the ID50, but caused an almost tenfold increase in the Ke. The results suggest that substitution on the amine-nitrogen of Leu5-enkephalin rather than Met5-enkephalin is more likely to produce potent narcotic antagonists.

Allyl Compounds↗
PubMed1976

Clinical pharmacological studies with 6-azidomorphine.

The intravenous (i.v.) administration of 4 mug/kg 6-deoxy-6-dihydroazido-isomorphine (6-AM) base to healthy, young adult male volunteers caused no circulatory and relatively little, short-lasting respiratory depression. Of the ten volunteers all felt lightheaded, two became euphoric and when they became ambulatory at the end of the experiment, three vomited and two other became nauseated. The intramuscular (i.m.) administration of the same dose of 6-AM had considerable analgesic effect against various types of experimental pain. It was more effective against ischemic pain, than against pain induced by electrical stimulation of the earlobe or the tooth pulp and it effected severe pain more than mild or moderate pain. In the six subjects investigated, 6-AM produced significant myosis. Of the 16 subjects who received 4 mug/kg 6-AM i.m. five experienced mild euphoria, two felt lightheaded, six became pale and sweaty in the course of the experiments carried out in the sitting position. When they becam ambulatory after the completion of the experiments, two subjects vomited and six others became nauseated. The findings of this study indicate that 6-AM causes less circulatory and respiratory depression than is to be expected from equianalgetic doses of morphine. Its other side effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting) are also less frequent and severe than those encountered after the administration of comparable doses of morphine to ambulating volunteers.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Ocular absorption of naloxone in narcotic addicts.

Naloxone hydrochloride was administered by regional intravenous injection (three patients) or by instillation into the conjunctival sac (10 patients) in addicts receiving methadone maintenance. After the regional intravenous administration of 100 mug naloxone,no withdrawal symptoms occurred on release of the occluding tourniquets, nor were theresignificant changes in electrical skin resistance or sweating in the upper extremities. On the other hand, the conjunctival instillation of 2 to 3 mg naloxone produced withdrawal symptoms in five patients and frequently also caused pupillary dilatation whichwas usually equal on both sides.

Absorption↗