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D Dubois

Publications and source records attributed to D Dubois.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis in AIDS. Two cases].

Bacillary angiomatosis is a newly recognized multisystem opportunistic infection seen in the human immunodeficiency virus infection. The disease is marked by papular and nodular vascular skin lesions that clinically resemble Kaposi's sarcoma. Histologically, the lesions are different and show clusters of bacteria showing the structure of Gram negative bacilli staining with Warthin-Starry stain. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the organisms (1 to 2 microns) have a trilamellar wall structure. Treatment with oral erythromycin (2 to 3 g a day) for 2 to 4 weeks rapidly leads to resolution.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

[Use of a synthetic prostacyclin in extracorporeal circulation].

Using a prostacyclin in conjunction with standard heparin might limit the occurrence of post-extracorporeal circulation (ECC) thrombopathy and reduce the risk of haemorrhage inherent in this technique. For this reason, we studied the effect of the prostacyclin analogue Iloprost (ZK 36 374), a drug which is active in man when given orally with a biological half-life of 30 min, and devised a double-blind randomized trial to evaluate the potential benefit of Iloprost versus placebo in 2 groups of 15 patients (A: placebo, B: Iloprost). An infusion of the drug in incremental doses (up to 12 ng kg-1 min-1) was begun before starting the ECC and was stopped at the end of the cardiopulmonary bypass, at the time of protamine injection. Significant arterial hypotension was observed during ECC in two patients of the Iloprost group. Comparison between Iloprost and placebo groups showed that the mean number of platelets was not significantly higher in the Iloprost group 20 min after the ECC and during the early post-operative recovery period. Platelet aggregability was higher after surgery in the Iloprost group than in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in post-bypass bleeding between the two groups. Thus, Iloprost does not reduce the fall in circulating platelets observed during cardiopulmonary bypass, but it might help in preserving the platelet function. However, the potential usefulness of the drug is limited by adverse haemodynamic reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hepatitis A in the US Army: epidemiology and vaccine development.

Control of hepatitis A has been an important concern for US military forces in war and peace. Immune serum globulin, although effective, is exceedingly cumbersome to use. The prevalence of antibody against hepatitis A is decreasing in young American soldiers, putting them at risk of hepatitis A during deployment. The US Army has been an active participant in development of hepatitis A vaccine. The first successful cell-culture-derived, formalin-inactivated hepatitis A vaccine was developed at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. This prototype vaccine was shown, in 1986, to be safe and immunogenic for humans. Since then we have evaluated the following issues related to the use of inactivated hepatitis A vaccines in military populations. Immunogenicity of vaccine derived from the CLF and HM175 strains; immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine given by jet injector; immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine when given with hepatitis B vaccine; immunogenicity when given in shortened schedules; safety and immunogenicity in Thai children; and efficacy under field conditions in the tropics. The hepatitis A vaccines which we tested are safe and highly immunogenic. Immunization by jet gun confers immunity equivalent to immunization by needle. Hepatitis A vaccine is equally potent when given with hepatitis B vaccine. Data on rapid immunization schedules and efficacy are under evaluation. We conclude that hepatitis A vaccine is a major improvement in our ability to prevent hepatitis A in soldiers.

Hepatitis A↗
PubMed1992

The epidemiology of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the World Health Organization European Region.

This paper describes the epidemiology of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. Data, collected by the WHO Collaborating Centre on AIDS in Paris, France, were derived from the national AIDS surveillance systems of 21 countries. Among 53,042 cases reported as of the end of June 1991, 1,617 (3.0%) had NHL as the presenting clinical manifestation of AIDS. The proportion of cases presenting with NHL ranged from 1.1% in children infected perinatally to 3.9% among haemophiliacs. In comparison with intravenous drug users (IVDUs) (2.6% of whom had NHL), a moderate excess was found among homosexual or bisexual men (odds ratio - OR -:1.2, 95% confidence interval - CI -:1.0-1.3). Over time, the proportion of NHL was constant, but whereas among homosexual or bisexual men the frequency of NHL as AIDS-indicator disease significantly increased (9.7% per year), among IVDUs a significant downward trend emerged (17.1% per year). In respect to age, two peaks of NHL were seen at the age groups 10-19 (3.8%) and 50-59 (4.3%). The proportion of AIDS-associated NHL significantly increased with increasing age among homosexual and bisexual men and heterosexuals whereas it decreased among IVDUs. All these differences, however, have to be interpreted cautiously on account of the limitations of the reporting systems.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[Should adult nephrotic syndrome secondary to idiopathic extramembranous glomerulonephritis be treated? An approach by decisional analysis].

Treatment of nephrotic syndrome (without renal insufficiency) due to idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis in adults is not clearly defined. A decisional analysis was done from data published in literature in order to define the best therapeutic choice. Three therapeutic strategies were studied: corticosteroids (either 125 mg/48 h or 30 to 60 mg/24 h), alternate therapy according to Ponticelli protocol (corticosteroids and chlorambucil), abstention of therapy. The data were divided in two groups according to the time of follow-up. The first group allows a decisional analysis for a short period of time (16 to 37 months), the second group allows this analysis for a longer period of time (54 to 65 months). The results differed according to the length of post treatment follow-up. For the shorter follow-up, corticosteroids or the association corticosteroids and chlorambucil appeared to be better than no treatment. For longer follow-up, any treatment shows an advantage in comparison to abstention of therapy. Our tentative conclusion is to propose only symptomatic treatment for this disease.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1991

[Value of renal biopsy in the elderly. 32 cases].

Between November 1985 and November 1989, percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in 32 patients aged 75 or more (mean age 78). The major clinical presentations were nephrotic syndrome in 22 patients, variable amounts of proteinuria in 6 patients and unexplained severe renal insufficiency in 4 patients. In 27 cases the histological study revealed a glomerular disease. Minimal change disease (7 cases), membranous nephropathy (6 cases), amyloidosis (5 cases) and crescentic glomerulonephritis were the most frequent types. The rate of complications after biopsy was low (3 percent) with only one retroperitoneal hematoma. Owing to the atypical renal presentation of some glomerulopathies in the elderly, renal biopsy was useful to differentiate between minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy and amyloidosis. In 4 patients with minimal change disease, remission of nephrotic syndrome was obtained with corticosteroids. Moreover renal biopsy allowed to detect underlying diseases and gave indications to initiate specific therapy particularly in crescentic glomerulonephritis the outcome of which remained unfavourable. It is concluded that, even in elderly, renal biopsy is a valuable and safe diagnostic tool to obtain a rapid diagnosis, particularly in glomerular diseases, leading to a biopsy-guided therapy. It must therefore have the same indications as in younger adults with glomerular syndrome or rapidly progressive renal insufficiency.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

Anatomical mapping of Merkel cells in normal human adult epidermis.

The distribution of Merkel cells (MCs) in normal human skin and mucosa was studied using the mouse monoclonal antibody Troma-1, reacting specifically with component 8 of the Moll cytokeratin catalogue. The specificity of this antibody for MCs in human skin was assessed by double indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and immunoelectron microscopy. Two-hundred and thirty 6-mm punch biopsies were obtained from 44 different sites from six human cadavers within 48 h post-mortem. IIF was performed with Troma-1 on EDTA-split epithelial sheets and the MCs were counted and the mean values per mm2 calculated for each site. Regions with greater than 50 MC/mm2 were the lips, hard palate, palms, finger pads, proximal nail fold, and dorsum of the feet. Three different patterns were observed in the epidermis or mucosa: MCs grouped in clumps, linear and arciform arrangements, and scattered MCs. In the hair follicles grouped MCs were observed in the bulb and scattered MCs were seen in the outer root sheath.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Microbeads and anchorage-dependent eukaryotic cells: the beginning of a new era in biotechnology.

Modern methods for the mass cultivation of anchorage-dependent mammalian cells started with the advent of microcarrier technology. Largely for reasons pertaining to their mode of preparation and ease of cultivation, 150-230 microns microbeads have been overwhelmingly adopted and the technology around them developed. To meet high biomass, macroporous microbeads have been developed. Also, the chemistry of the microsupport has been adapted in order to afford better protection of fragile cells to mechanical wear while simultaneously reorienting their differentiation towards the sought aims (production of cytokines, enzymes etc. ...). Future progress depends upon solutions being brought to problems inherent to this new technology (maintenance of steady state conditions of growth etc. ...) as well as to requirements arising from animal cell culture in general (biosensors, bioreactor's design etc. ...). Besides such technical implementations, biology at large is also expected to benefit from the advent of microcarriers in fields as diverse as the preparation of metaphasic chromosomes in bulk, toxicity testing, organ reconstitution following cell transplantation etc.

Biological Factors↗
PubMed1987

Growth of animal cells on microbeads. II. Estimation of biomass in situ and observation of cytopathic effects after infection of McCoy cells with Chlamydia trachomatis.

The Channelyzer C256 together with the ZB Coulter Counter have been used to study in situ the growth kinetics of McCoy cells attached on Cytodex 3 microbeads. The number of cells per microbead varied linearly with the average size of the covered microbeads, showing that electronic particle sizing can be used to measure biomass or cell numbers. As the cells became confluent, an increase in cell volume with little accompanying increase in cell number was detected. The technique also enables the experimenter to follow in situ the development of cytopathic effects resulting from the infection by pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis serotype L1.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Lyell's syndrome induced by Vectren].

While treated with isoxicam, a middle-aged lady developed first diffuse maculopapules and afterwards a syndrome of Lyell; similar observations of bimodal toxicodermatitis have been reported in the literature.

Arthritis↗
PubMed1986

[Familial predisposition to multiple sclerosis].

Seven families were studied to evaluate the influence of genetic factors in MS and its transmissibility. The disease was associated with some B7 and/or DR2 alleles in relation to the susceptibility gene in all but one case. This association was always transmissible conjointly. The carrier haplotype conditions disease manifestations and its prognosis, favorable in this series, but it is not sufficient to promote the onset of the disease. This requires a triggering factor with sometimes disorders affecting 3 generations as demonstrated by the analysis of one family. Therefore there is not a genic heredity but a predisposition heredity. Possible associations of MS with other morbid states such as insulin-dependent diabetes must be considered when counselling families.

Adolescent↗