Biomedical subjects

D Dillon

Publications and source records attributed to D Dillon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Tumor genomic landscape of older patients with metastatic breast cancer☆.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in older patients has distinct clinical and histologic characteristics. Elucidating the genomic basis of MBC helps identify potential therapeutic targets to improve outcomes for older patients with MBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using a prospective database and targeted DNA sequencing (OncoPanel), we examined MBC's genomic landscape in older patients (age ≥70 years at MBC diagnosis) and compared findings with those in younger (aged <50 years) and middle-aged (aged 50-69 years) patients. After classifying single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) as oncogenic (via OncoKB), the frequencies of SNVs and CNVs, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and oncogenic signaling pathways were compared by age group using Fisher's exact tests. We estimated the association between continuous age at MBC diagnosis and mutations via multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusting for race, stage at initial diagnosis, subtype, histology, and sample tested (primary versus metastatic). RESULTS: Our study included 2379 patients [853 (35%) younger, 1311 (55%) middle-aged, and 215 (9%) older] who underwent OncoPanel testing between 2013 and 2020. The most frequent tumor alterations in older patients were SNVs in PIK3CA (44%), TP53 (33%), CDH1 (22%) and amplifications in CCND1 (18%). After adjustment, older age was associated with higher frequency of SNVs in CDH1 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-1.68, q < 0.001], MAP3K1 [OR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.10-1.54, q = 0.008], and PIK3CA [OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.31, q < 0.001] and fewer SNVs in TP53 [OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.77-0.91, q < 0.001]. Patients in the older group were more likely to have tumors with ≥10 mutations/megabase than the youngest patients (26% versus 17%, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of patients with MBC, the tumor genomic landscape differed between older and younger patients even after accounting for tumor subtype. Older patients were more likely to have high-TMB and PIK3CA-mutated tumors, highlighting the importance of genomic testing for treatment applications in this population.

NGS↗

PubMed1999

Effect of daily and weekly micronutrient supplementation on micronutrient deficiencies and growth in young Vietnamese children.

BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies remain common in preschool children in developing countries. Interventions focus on single micronutrients and often lack effectiveness. Weekly instead of daily supplementation may improve effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of weekly and daily supplementation in reducing anemia prevalence and in improving the zinc, vitamin A, and growth status of 6-24-mo-old Vietnamese children was investigated. DESIGN: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the daily group (n = 55) received 8 mg elemental Fe (as iron sulfate), 5 mg elemental Zn (as zinc sulfate), 333 microg retinol, and 20 mg vitamin C 5 d/wk for 3 mo. The weekly group (n = 54) received 20 mg Fe, 17 mg Zn, 1700 microg retinol, and 20 mg vitamin C once a week. A third group (n = 54) received a placebo only. Venous blood samples were collected at the start and end of the supplementation period and anthropometric measurements were taken at the start and 3 mo after the end of supplementation. RESULTS: At baseline, 45.6% of subjects had hemoglobin concentrations < 110 g/L, 36.3% had zinc concentrations < 10.71 micromol/L, and 45.6% had retinol concentrations <0.70 micromol/L. Hemoglobin, retinol, and zinc concentrations of both the weekly and daily groups increased similarly compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in growth between the supplemented groups and the placebo group. However, the height-for-age of subjects stunted at baseline increased with z scores of 0.48 (P < 0.001) and 0.37 (P < 0.001) for the daily and weekly groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Weekly and daily supplementation improved hemoglobin, zinc, and retinol concentrations similarly. Neither intervention affected growth of the overall population, but growth of children stunted at baseline was improved through both types of supplementation.

Ascorbic Acid Deficiency↗

PubMed1998

The effectiveness of Salmonella strains TA100, TA102 and TA104 for detecting mutagenicity of some aldehydes and peroxides.

Several aldehydes and peroxides were tested for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA97a, TA100, TA102 and TA104, in the presence and absence of Aroclor-induced liver S9 mix from F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice, in either preincubation or vapour phase protocols. Some chemicals were tested in additional Salmonella strains. Benzaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzoyl peroxide, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, propionaldehyde and veratraldehyde were non-mutagenic. Acetaldehyde and dicumyl peroxide gave inconsistent results and furfural gave equivocal responses in TA100 and TA104. Cumene hydroperoxide, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were mutagenic in TA100, TA102 and TA104. trans-Cinnamaldehyde exhibited a weak mutagenic response in TA100 with mouse liver S9 only. 2,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde was mutagenic only in strain TA1538 with rat liver S9. With the exception of butanone peroxide, which was mutagenic only in TA104, all chemicals mutagenic in strains TA102 and/or TA104 were also mutagenic in TA100. The data do not, therefore, support the preferential use of strains TA102 and TA104 for screening aldehydes and peroxides for mutagenicity. For a number of these chemicals the advantages of using TA102 or TA104 was in the increased responses compared with those obtained with TA100. Two of the four peroxides were mutagenic and one of these was mutagenic only with TA104. This suggests that strains TA102 and TA104 be used if peroxides are not mutagenic in TA100 or TA97.

Aldehydes↗

PubMed1998

Modulation of laminin integrin receptors in the postnatal and adult rat lung.

Recent studies have shown that type II pneumocytes, at birth and day 3 postnatally, have a diffuse distribution and localize at alveolar 'corners' between 3 and 7 days. Since alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 1 are laminin-binding receptors that are well expressed by rat type II alveolar epithelial cells, we postulated that they may play a role in the localization of the cells in the alveolus. To begin the evaluation of this hypothesis, we studied the temporal and spatial expression of the alpha 3, alpha 6, and beta 1 integrin subunit protein and mRNA in whole rat lungs during postnatal development by immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, and Northern blot analysis. The temporal expression of proteins analyzed by immunochemistry, with integrin subunit specific antibodies, increased during the 3- to 7-day postnatal period and in adult lungs. Densitometric values of the alpha 3, alpha 6, and beta 1 mRNA expression, normalized to 28S rRNA, quadrupled from day 1 to day 3 postnatally. The mRNA expression of different integrin chains was elevated 1.5- to threefold from days 5 to 7 postnatally compared to day 1 levels. The alpha 3 and alpha 6 integrin subunit mRNA decreased to newborn levels in adult lungs, whereas the beta 1 integrin mRNA in adult lungs was expressed at approximately 50% of its level in newborn lungs. We postulate that the increases in alpha 3, alpha 6, and beta 1 integrin mRNA expression during the early neonatal period may be important for the spatial distribution of type II pneumocytes.

Aging↗

PubMed1998

Assessment of lead exposure in schoolchildren from Jakarta.

Children attending schools in urban areas with high traffic density are a high risk group for lead poisoning. We assessed the magnitude of lead exposure in schoolchildren from Jakarta by analyzing blood lead concentrations and biomarkers of heme biosynthesis. A total of 131 children from four public elementary schools in Jakarta (two in the southern district and two in the central district) were enrolled in the study. To evaluate lead pollution in each area, soil samples and tap water were collected. The mean blood lead concentration was higher in the central district than in the southern district (8.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 6.9 +/- 3.5 microg/100 ml; p<0.05); 26.7% of the children had lead levels greater than 10 microg/100 ml. In 24% of the children, zinc protoporphyrin concentrations were over 70 micromol/mol hemoglobin; in 17% of the samples, hemoglobin was less than 11 g/100 ml. All other values were within the physiological range. Blood lead concentration and hematological biomarkers were not correlated. Analyses of tap water revealed lead values under 0. 01 mg/l; lead contamination of soil ranged from 77 to 223 ppm. Our data indicate that Indonesian children living in urban areas are at increased risk for blood lead levels above the actual acceptable limit. Activities to reduce pollution (e.g., reduction of lead in gasoline) and continuous monitoring of lead exposure are strongly recommended.

Child↗

PubMed1996

Effects of weekly iron supplementation on pregnant Indonesian women are similar to those of daily supplementation.

The effect of daily rather than weekly iron supplementation was compared in women who were 8-24 wk pregnant. One group (n = 68) received 60 mg Fe/d, the second group (n = 71) received 120 mg Fe/wk, given at once. Supplementation lasted 11.3 wk on average, depending on gestational date at entry, and was not supervised. Hemoglobin increased in both groups (P < 0.001); serum ferritin did not change significantly. There was no significant difference between groups for changes in hemoglobin and serum ferritin. In a subgroup of women with a hemoglobin concentration < 110 g/L at baseline (n = 45 daily; n = 54 weekly) no significant within-group changes occurred in serum ferritin, but the change in the daily group was 4.1 micrograms/L higher than in the weekly group (P = 0.049). Compliance, as indicated by two positive stool tests, was approximately equal to 54.3% in the daily group and 62.2% in the weekly group. We conclude that for the complete sample of subjects, the treatment effect of daily compared with weekly supplementation was similar under conditions resembling a normal antenatal care program.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Anthelminthic treatment raises plasma iron levels but does not decrease the acute-phase response in Jakarta school children.

The study was conducted to investigate the impact of intestinal helminthiasis and treatment on iron status and acute phase response (APR) among urban Indonesian primary school children, aged 8-11 years old. The prevalence of helminthiasis among these children was; Ascaris lumbricoides, 81.6%; Trichuris trichiura, 88.3%; and mixed infection of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, 70.0%. Of 120 children enrolled in the investigation, 59 received a single 400 mg dose of albendazole, and 61 received a placebo. Ten days following treatment, the prevalence of ascariasis and trichuriasis in the treatment group diminished to 0% and 27%, respectively, and in the placebo group to 63.9% and 68.9%. Plasma iron, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood cell (WBC), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) concentrations were determined prior to the intervention and 10 days after. Plasma iron concentrations and WBC count rose in the treatment group (p=< or =0.05) when compared to baseline status. Increases in hemoglobin concentrations observed in the treatment group 10 days post-treatment were not statistically significant. CRP, IL-1, IL-6 and TNF were found to be within normal limits for both groups both before and after treatment. ESR increased significantly in both treatment and placebo groups when compared the rates measured before treatment. These findings show that treatment with albendazole is associated not only with a decreased worm burden in school children, but also a rise in plasma iron.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗

PubMed1995

Vaginal color Doppler assessment of uterine artery impedance correlates with immunohistochemical markers of endometrial receptivity required for the implantation of an embryo.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between uterine artery impedance with immunohistochemical histologic, and ultrasonographic markers of uterine receptivity. DESIGN: A prospective study of subfertile women undergoing a frozen embryo replacement cycle. SETTING: A tertiary infertility clinic. PATIENTS: The study was based on 86 patients who had failed to become pregnant during a standard IVF treatment cycle and who had at least two good quality embryos cryopreserved. INTERVENTIONS: All patients had pituitary desensitization with the GnRH analogue buserelin acetate, followed by E2 and P replacement therapy. Vaginal color Doppler images of both uterine arteries were obtained on days 7, 14, and 21 of the first (trial) cycle. On day 21, an endometrial biopsy was taken for dating a 24-kd protein, placental protein 14, and E2 receptor assessment. After a menstrual bleed had been induced, administration of estrogen and P was reinstituted and embryos transferred to the uterus on the 3rd or 4th day of P administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean pulsatility index of the left and right uterine arteries, a semiquantitative score of endometrial 24-kd protein, PP14, and E2 receptor assessment, endometrial histologic dating, and pregnancy outcome. RESULTS: Nineteen of 76 patients who had a successful ET became pregnant. The pulsatility index on day 14 of both the trial and ET cycles was significantly lower in those who achieved pregnancy as compared with those who did not conceive: 2.65 (range 1.3 to 3.4) versus 3.85 (1.8 to 6.8) and 2.85 (1.4 to 3.6) versus 4.15 (2.1 to 6.8), respectively. There were significant correlations between pulsatility index and 24-kd protein, E2 receptor, and endometrial histology but not with PP14 and endometrial thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Uterine artery impedance has a significant correlation with biochemical markers of uterine receptivity and accurately predicts the probability of pregnancy in frozen embryo replacement cycles. It is a useful method for assessing uterine receptivity in assisted conception programs.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Two hands clapping: how to secure physician gifts.

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Altruism↗

PubMed1995

Adenosine deaminase inhibition augments interstitial adenosine but does not attenuate myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to determine the effects of the adenosine deaminase inhibitor pentostatin (deoxycoformycin) on interstitial fluid (ISF) adenosine before, during, and after myocardial ischaemia and to ascertain whether augmented endogenous ISF adenosine reduces myocardial infarction. METHODS: Untreated anaesthetised dogs (n = 11) were compared to dogs treated with intravenous pentostatin 30 min before ischaemia (0.2 mg.kg-1; n = 11). The changes in ISF adenosine, adenosine metabolites, and lactate were assessed by cardiac microdialysis, using dialysate concentrations as indices of ISF levels. Both groups were exposed to 60 min of regional myocardial ischaemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion. RESULTS: Although ISF adenosine increased during ischaemia in untreated animals, inosine and hypoxanthine were the predominant purine metabolites which accumulated in the ISF. Pentostatin increased dialysate adenosine 3.5-fold before ischaemia, resulted in a sustained and pronounced augmentation of adenosine during ischaemia, and maintained the raised ISF adenosine during early reperfusion. However, the augmentation of ISF adenosine was not associated with a reduction in infarct size [untreated = 33.3(SEM 4.8)% of the area at risk; pentostatin treated = 35.6(4.6)% of the area at risk], nor did pentostatin alter the ischaemia induced increase in ISF lactate. Plasma adenosine, as measured by a microdialysis probe in the femoral artery, increased in pentostatin treated animals upon reperfusion, leading to systemic hypotension, increased blood flow in the non-ischaemic region, and an attenuated reactive hyperaemia in the ischaemic region. CONCLUSIONS: Although inhibition of adenosine deaminase effectively enhances ISF adenosine before and during ischaemia, the increase before ischaemia does not "precondition" the myocardium, nor does the augmentation of adenosine during and after ischaemia attenuate necrosis in this model of ischaemia. Therefore, the enhancement of ISF adenosine to the extent provided by adenosine deaminase inhibition alone is not sufficient to protect the heart in the way seen with ischaemic preconditioning.

Adenosine↗

PubMed1994

Superoxide dismutase (sod-1) null mutants of Neurospora crassa: oxidative stress sensitivity, spontaneous mutation rate and response to mutagens.

Enzymatic superoxide-dismutase activity is believed to be important in defense against the toxic effects of superoxide. Although superoxide dismutases are among the best studied proteins, numerous questions remain concerning the specific biological roles of the various superoxide-dismutase types. In part, this is because the proposed damaging effects of superoxide are manifold, ranging from inactivation of certain metabolic enzymes to DNA damage. Studies with superoxide-deficient mutants have proven valuable, but surprisingly few such studies have been reported. We have constructed and characterized Neurospora crassa mutants that are null for sod-1, the gene that encodes copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. Mutant strains are sensitive to paraquat and elevated oxygen concentrations, and they exhibit an increased spontaneous mutation rate. They appear to have near wild-type sensitive to near- and far-UV, heat shock and gamma-irradiation. Unlike the equivalent Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant and the sodA sodB double mutant of Escherichia coli, they do not exhibit aerobic auxotrophy. These results are discussed in the context of an attempt to identify consensus phenotypes among superoxide dismutase-deficient mutants. N. crassa sod-1 null mutant strains were also employed in genetic and subcellular fractionation studies. Results support the hypothesis that a single gene (sod-1), located between Fsr-12 and leu-3 on linkage group I, is responsible for most or all CuZn superoxide dismutase activity in this organism.

Fungal Proteins↗

PubMed1994

Spontaneous mutation at the mtr locus in neurospora: the molecular spectrum in wild-type and a mutator strain.

Sequence analysis of 34 mtr mutations has yielded the first molecular spectrum of spontaneous mutants in Neurospora crassa. The great majority of the mutations are base substitutions (48%) or deletions (35%). In addition, sequence analysis of the entire mtr region, including the 1472-base pair open reading frame and 1205 base pairs of flanking DNA, was performed in both the Oak Ridge and Mauriceville strains of Neurospora, which are known to be divergent at the DNA level. Sixteen sequence differences between these two strains have been found in the mtr region, with 13 of these in DNA flanking the open reading frame. The differences consisted of base substitutions and small frameshifts at monotonic runs. This set of sequence differences has allowed a comparison of mutations in unselected DNA to those mutations that produce a phenotypic signal. We have isolated a mutator strain (mut-1) of Neurospora in which the spontaneous mutation rate at various loci is as much as 80-fold higher than in the non-mutator (wild type). Twenty-one mtr mutations in the mutator background have been sequenced and compared to the non-mutator spectrum, revealing a striking increase in -1 frameshift mutations. These frameshifts occur exclusively within or adjacent to monotonic runs and can be explained by small slippage events during DNA replication. This argues for a role of the mut-1 gene in this process.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Activation by caecal reduction of the azo dye D & C red no. 9 to a bacterial mutagen.

D & C Red No. 9 is a monoazo dye used for manufacturing printing inks, rubber and plastics, and as an additive in cosmetics and drugs. In an NTP carcinogenicity study in rats and mice it induced splenic sarcomas and liver nodules in male rats; no chemical-related tumours were induced in mice. On the basis of its contradictory responses in a range of in vitro tests and its inactivity in several in vivo genotoxicity assays, it has been suggested that the dye may act as a non-genotoxic carcinogen. We tested the dye in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay using several different protocols. The dye was not mutagenic when tested using the standard (aerobic) preincubation protocol. Variable responses were seen when the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) reduction protocol was used. A third protocol was provided by incubating the test compound overnight with a rat caecal preparation under anoxic conditions to reduce the azo bond. Ethyl acetate extracts of this incubation mixture, when tested in the standard preincubation protocol using induced rat liver S9, yielded dose-related mutagenic responses in TA100, and a weak response in TA98. The presuemed major reduction product, 1-amino-2-naphthol (1-A-2-N) was mutagenic to TA100, but not TA98, in standard protocols with S9. The results show that it is necessary to use a protocol in which D & C Red No. 9 is reduced in order to demonstrate the mutagenicity of this dye. The non-genotoxicity previously reported for D & C Red No. 9, may have been due to insufficient reductive cleavage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aerobiosis↗

PubMed1994

Comprehensive drug and alcohol treatment programming: a bold new approach.

We have witnessed, in the latter half of the 20th century, significant revisions in the manner in which medical, psychiatric, and forensic services are delivered. Specifically, it appears that a wide range of treatment services are moving from modes of intervention that are dominated by primary institutional arrangements towards decentralized, community-based models of care. Missouri's CSTAR program represents a similar shift in alcohol and drug treatment. The CSTAR program provides an array of intensive community services that replaces hospital and residential services. In addition, community-based case management services promote social as well as medically based interventions. Parallels between the CSTAR model and the development of Community Support Services in psychiatric care are offered.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1993

Relative bioavailability of iron from two different iron tablets used in the Indonesian Iron Supplementation Program.

The relative bioavailability of two different iron tablets which are used in the Indonesian iron supplementation program was determined, because low bioavailability of iron might decrease the impact of the program. In two studies volunteers (n = 12, n = 6) received 120 mg elemental iron either as two iron tablets, each containing 60 mg elemental iron, or as an aqueous Fe(II)-sulphate solution in a randomized cross-over design. Plasma iron concentrations were measured before, and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours after dosing. For each of the tablets and solutions, the positive area under the concentration/time curve (AUC+), the peak plasma level (Cmax), the time to reach the peak plasma level (tmax) and the relative bioavailability were determined. Relative bioavailability of both tablets was high (106.9 +/- 24.3%) and 116.3 +/- 43.1%). This indicates a good therapeutical efficacy of both tablets. In case where low effectiveness of iron supplementation programs is recorded, factors other than low bioavailability of iron in the tablets must be responsible.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Ozone is mutagenic in Salmonella.

Ozone is a highly reactive gas that has been tested for genotoxicity in a number of systems. Induced genetic damage resulting from ozone treatment may not be readily observed because of the high toxicity of the chemical and difficulties in generating and administering controlled concentrations. The mutagenicity of ozone was investigated in Salmonella typhimurium using a plate test protocol designed for reactive vapours and gases. Ozone, at two to three consecutive doses, induced weak, albeit statistically significant, mutagenic responses in tester strain TA102 with and without Aroclor-induced rat liver S9 (lowest effective mean concentration of 0.019 ppm; 35 min total exposure). However, dose-related responses were not always obtained. No mutagenicity was detected in strains TA98, TA100, or TA1535, with or without S9. In strain TA104, ozone induced a weak response only at a single dose with S9; this response was not reproducible. Mutagenicity was dependent on the ozone flow rate and total exposure time, with variations in the optimum dose-time regimen leading to toxicity or complete inactivity. The data show that ozone is a very weak bacterial mutagen and only when tested under narrowly prescribed, subtoxic dosing conditions.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

The role of glutathione in the bacterial mutagenicity of vapour phase dichloromethane.

Dichloromethane (DCM) vapour by inhalation is carcinogenic to rodents and is an in vivo rodent cell clastogen and a bacterial mutagen. It has been suggested that the bacterial mutagenicity of DCM is mediated by glutathione (GSH) conjugation. The involvement of endogenous and exogenous GSH in the conversion of DCM to a bacterial mutagen has been studied in a vapour phase protocol using wild-type and GSH-deficient (NG54; gsh) Salmonella typhimurium TA100 strains in the presence and absence of various rat liver fractions. The effect of the duration of exposure was also investigated in these Salmonella strains and in E. coli WP2 uvrA pKM101. Dose- and time-related increases in revertants occurred with all metabolic activation systems used (without exogenous metabolic activation; with Aroclor-induced rat liver S9, microsomes, or cytosol fractions), with minor quantitative differences among the 3 strains. Mutagenicity was marginally highest in the presence of cytosol at the highest DCM concentrations. Strain NG54 gsh, which contains approximately 25% of the TA100 level of GSH/microgram protein, was slightly less responsive to DCM-induced mutagenicity than TA100. Addition of 0.33 mumoles/plate of GSH had little effect on the mutagenic responses of TA100 or NG54 in the presence or absence of S9. In these 2 strains, exogenous S9 produced small increases in mutagenicity at the highest concentrations of DCM (2 and 4% v/v). These results suggest that if an interaction between DCM and GSH is required for the activation of DCM to a bacterial mutagen, it occurs at low levels of endogenous GSH and is not significantly affected by GSH supplementation.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical expression of endometrial proteins and pregnancy outcome in frozen embryo replacement cycles.

The expression of two endometrial proteins, pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha-2 globulin (alpha-2 PEG) and 24K protein, was examined immunohistochemically in an attempt to identify a marker or a pattern which would predict subsequent implantation. Patients who had undergone in-vitro fertilization cycles and had at least three frozen embryos were recruited into the study. They received two cycles of hormone replacement therapy. The first was a monitored cycle in which dated endometrial biopsies were taken for immunohistochemical assessment using monoclonal antibodies to alpha-2 PEG and 24K protein and also for standard histological dating. In the second cycle, the frozen-thawed embryos were replaced. The results of the monitored cycle were then correlated with the pregnancy outcome in the transfer cycle. Ten patients conceived, of whom eight had a pattern of low immunohistochemical staining of alpha-2 PEG and high immunohistochemical staining of 24K. In the 15 patients who did not conceive, four had the same endometrial protein pattern (P less than 0.05). In the 13 specimens classified as histologically in phase, 10 (71%) showed incompatible protein expression. We conclude that the pattern of expression of the endometrial proteins alpha-2 PEG and 24 K may be potentially useful to indicate a receptive endometrium. Immunohistochemistry may yield information on endometrial development which is not apparent from routine histological assessment.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗