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Biomedical subjects

D Dennison

Publications and source records attributed to D Dennison.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Comparison of HPLC & EMIT methods of cyclosporine assay in blood after bone marrow transplantation.

Cyclosporine (CsA) analysis in blood from patients who had undergone bone marrow transplantation for various haematological disorders was done both by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) and the results were compared. HPLC kit from Biorad Laboratories, USA, and EMIT kit from SYVA, UK, were used. The procedure for EMIT was slightly modified in-house to suit the Hitachi 704 discrete selective analyser. The CsA values obtained by these two methods correlated well within the therapeutic range (r value 0.96), HPLC method being most suitable outside the therapeutic range. Although HPLC is the ideal method for CsA, EMIT is quite suitable and can be adopted by any laboratory with an autoanalyser incorporating our modified procedure.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with the BFM regimen.

Thirty-eight children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were treated with the BFM regimen. Thirty-six (94.7%) achieved complete remission (CR). Twenty 58.8%) of 34 evaluable patients are in continuous complete remission (CCR) at a median follow-up of 33 (range 19-81) months. Long-term disease-free survival was better in the 2-9 years age group (83%) when compared to the 10-14 years group (43%) (P < .05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Infections in bone marrow transplant recipients in south India--a post-mortem study.

A study of post-mortem material obtained from ten patients who had undergone bone marrow transplantation is presented. The cause of death in all patients was infection. Six patients had fungal infection, two had bacterial infection and three had cytomegalovirus infection. Pneumocystis carinii and tuberculous infections were not detected.

Abscess↗
PubMed1994

Transfusion associated HIV infection in patients with haematologic disorders in southern India.

Seventy patients with congenital coagulation disorders (group A) and 202 other patients (group B) attending the Haematology clinic at the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore (India) were screened for HIV infection between March 1989 and April 1991. Fifty five patients in group A and 131 patients in group B had received blood or blood products in the past. Nineteen transfused patients (9 in group A and 10 in group B) had received blood or blood products exclusively from the hospital blood bank and none of them was HIV infected. Among the remaining 167 transfused patients, 14 (30.4%) of the 46 patients in group A and 6 (4.9%) of the 121 patients in group B were found to be positive for HIV. In group A, 13 of the 14 infected patients had received commercially available cryoprecipitate which was thus found to be the most frequent source of infection. In group B the source of infection was most probably unscreened HIV infected blood which was transfused.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults with modified BFM regimen.

Sixty-two adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were treated with a modified BFM regimen. Forty-two (70%) achieved complete remission (CR). Twenty-one percent of all evaluable patients and 32.4 percent of complete responders are in continuous complete remission (CCR) at a median follow-up of 41 months (range 24-81 months). Long-term survival was better in T- ALL (47.1%) when compared to precursor-B ALL (4.8%) (P < 0.04).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Developing hemophilia services in India.

With a population of 853 million there should be 51,204 patients with hemophilia A in India assuming a prevalence of 6/100,000 population. With the current birth rate of 32/1000, 1,300 new patients with hemophilia A will be born each year. Hospital based data suggests that hemophiliacs in India suffer from preventable morbidity because doctors do not know enough about the disease and its management, because laboratory diagnostic facilities are inadequate and because there is not enough therapeutic material or even if it is available the patients do not have the resources to purchase it. This article reviews the current status of hemophilia in India and suggests measures to improve hemophilia services within the health care infrastructure available in the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Satisfaction of senior citizens in a nutrition education program with and without computer-assisted instruction.

This study assessed the receptiveness of senior citizens to the use of microcomputers in a nutrition education program at participating senior citizen subsidized housing sites. Participants in group A received the nutrition education program with computer-assisted instruction (CAI). Group B participants received the same nutrition education program, but without CAI. A validated Program Satisfaction Questionnaire was administered to assess overall satisfaction, satisfaction with the method of instruction, and satisfaction with the dietary analysis printout. Independent t-test analysis showed that group A was as satisfied as group B. The majority in group A indicated that learning to use the computer was not difficult and was "somewhat enjoyable" to "very enjoyable." These results indicated that senior citizens were receptive to CAI. Additionally, the use of the microcomputer with older adults was deemed possible for health-related educational programming. Appropriate modification of software was recommended to meet the physical limitations which occur with this age group.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis following bone marrow transplantation.

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (PCP) can occur in immunocompromised hosts, especially AIDS and cancer patients. Although recent research has focused on PCP in AIDS patients, few studies have described the clinical presentation of PCP in recipients of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Between 1976 and 1991, of 1454 BMT patients at the University of Minnesota, PCP was documented in only 19. Eighteen of these had not been receiving PCP prophylaxis. Patients presented with a brief period (2-10 days) of symptoms including dyspnea, cough, and fever in greater than 75% of patients, but had only scant abnormal physical findings. Chest X-rays showed bilateral infiltrates in 58% of all patients, though 15% had no or minimal X-ray findings. Bronchoscopic alveolar lavage confirmed the diagnosis most often, but 13% of lavages were negative and required biopsy for the diagnosis. High dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was the initial treatment for 84% of the patients though 25% of these patients were later switched to pentamidine due to poor response or hypersensitivity reactions. Despite prompt diagnosis and therapy, overall survival was poor, with only 37% of patients surviving pneumonitis. Patients developing PCP less than 6 months post-BMT had greater mortality (89%) versus only 40% in later onset PCP (p less than 0.0001). Despite this better survival in the late-onset PCP cohort, the development of pneumonitis in these patients underscores the necessity for continued PCP prophylaxis beyond 1 year in some patients. Ongoing immunocompromise and need for prophylaxis should be appreciated in patients with graft-versus-host disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Nutrient analysis methodology: a review of the DINE developmental literature.

In 1986, a collaborative effort among professional associations resulted in the publication of Worksite Nutrition: A Decision Maker's Guide (The American Diabetic Association, 1986). The booklet describes nutrient analysis methodology as a good "promotional gimmick". The development of DINE was an effort to move nutrient analysis from the gimmick level to a viable educational component level. A few examples of the innovative effects of this methodology are (1) individuals' using their own data can learn energy balance by monitoring their food intake and physical activity, (2) individuals can learn the Dietary Goals for the United States (U. S. Senate Select Subcommittee on Nutrition and Human Needs, 1977) and are able graphically to compare how their diet approximates or is different from these goals, and (3) individuals can also learn, from verifications of their own food records, which of their food selections were high in calories, total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol, and low in complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber. Alternative healthful food choices are identified and the effects of reducing or increasing portion sizes is described. The DINE development team has been working for the past eight years to decrease nutrient analysis variability so that the procedure can be used as an effective independent measure to improve nutritional behavior. Research has been conducted related to database validity and reliability. Formative and process evaluations have been conducted to improve interactive aspects of the software and related manuals and books. DINE procedures have been modified for ease of use, in general, and specifically for elementary students and university students.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1989

Distributional shape of nutrition data.

Nutrition data from 111 undergraduate college students (51 males and 60 females, ranging in age from 17 to 24) were studied with respect to the shape of the underlying probability distributions. Three-day averages for total energy, percent protein, percent saturated fat, percent unsaturated fat, percent complex carbohydrates, percent refined carbohydrates, cholesterol, sodium, vitamin C, and iron (measured in milligrams) were computed, and their distributions were compared with the normal (Gaussian) distribution. The distribution of values of sodium for females and, to a lesser extent, cholesterol for females and of cholesterol and vitamin C for males, differed from the normal distribution. The remaining distributions appeared to be reasonably close to normal in shape. It is recommended that nutrition researchers verify the normal distribution assumptions prior to applying parametric techniques to their data and that they use nonparametric (distribution-free) techniques to analyze their data whenever those assumptions are not valid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of seeding density and time in culture on vascular smooth muscle cell proteins.

The purpose of this work was to determine the effect of seeding density and time in culture on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of myosin in primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Enzymatically dispersed VSMCs from femoral arteries and saphenous veins of adult dogs were seeded at a density of 10(3)-10(5) cells/cm2 and assayed after 7 days or at 10(5) cells/cm2 and assayed between 1 and 10 days. Myosin, actin, and total protein contents as well as electrophoretic and immunoreactive characteristics of myosin heavy chains (MHCs) were determined. Total and contractile protein contents were independent of seeding density and increased with time in culture. Freshly dispersed cells exhibited two MHCs (MHC-1 and MHC-2) but, within 24 h after culturing, only cells attached to the dish expressed a third protein band (MHC-3), which had electrophoretic mobility and immunoreactivity similar to purified platelet MHC. MHC-3 appeared before onset of cell division and, by 4 days in culture when cells were proliferating, became the dominant MHC form. Loss of MHC-1 and MHC-2 could be prevented by growing cells in a serum-free, defined media that prevented proliferation. These data indicate that seeding density does not affect myosin content, but that with time in culture expression of a MHC with characteristics similar to nonmuscle myosin occurs. Expression of MHC-3 is associated with cell attachment, whereas loss of MHC-1 and MHC-2 requires proliferation.

Actins↗
PubMed1986

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to rabbit lymphocyte subpopulations. I. Tissue immunofluorescence and flow cytometric analysis.

Nine monoclonal antibodies to rabbit T cells and B subpopulations have been generated from three separate fusions of spleen cells from mice immunized with fractionated populations of rabbit lymphocytes. These monoclonal antibodies, as well as a previously described rabbit T cell monoclonal antibody, 9AE10, have been analyzed by immunofluorescence staining on frozen tissue sections of rabbit thymus, spleen, and appendix. This screening method permits rapid identification of the lymphocyte subdomains in each tissue which is not possible by other screening methods. Each monoclonal antibody selected has a unique tissue staining pattern. Flow cytometric analysis of these monoclonal antibodies, using indirect immunofluorescence techniques on thymocytes, splenocytes, and PBL, revealed varying percentages of positive cells and individual mean fluorescence intensities indicating different epitope densities for each antigen. These monoclonal antibodies are now being used to characterize normal lymphocyte function and the role of specific lymphocyte subpopulations in experimental disease models in the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Oral nifedipine in hypertensive emergencies.

A study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of oral nifedipine in hypertensive emergencies. Eleven consecutive patients with very high blood pressure requiring emergency reduction were included in the study. Nifedipine (10 mg) was given orally at 6-hourly intervals and blood pressure, pulse, serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine and uric acid were monitored. A reduction in blood pressure was noted within 10 minutes, with a significant reduction occurring within 30 minutes (reduction of systolic blood pressure by 8.11% and diastolic blood pressure by 9.38%). The maximum reduction in blood pressure occurred within 90 minutes (reduction of systolic blood pressure by 20.78% and diastolic blood pressure by 21.74%) and remained at this level for 4 hours, after which a mild increase in blood pressure was noted. At 6 hours, the reduction in blood pressure was 15.41% and diastolic reduction was 17.94%. The reduction in blood pressure was found to be directly correlated with the pre-treatment blood pressure. There was no significant alteration in the pulse rate or blood chemistry. No side-effects were noted during the study. It is suggested that oral nifedipine is a simple, effective and well-tolerated alternative to parenteral therapy in the management of hypertensive emergencies.

Adolescent↗