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Biomedical subjects

D Decker

Publications and source records attributed to D Decker.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced liver apoptosis after venous systemic oxygen persufflation in non-heart-beating donors.

Graft injury caused by warm ischemia in livers from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) strongly affects posttransplantation outcome and is associated with liver apoptosis, which is mediated by death receptors, such as Fas, a surface receptor of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha family. The aim of this study was to test the ability of venous systemic oxygen persufflation (VSOP) to reduce apoptotic changes and Fas activation in the liver after warm ischemic insult in vivo. Livers of male Wistar rats were harvested 30 min after cardiac arrest from non-heart-beating donors (NHBD) with (NHBD + O2) or without (NHBD) application of gaseous oxygen during the cold storage period via the suprahepatic caval vein. After 24 h of storage in University of Wisconsin solution at 4 degrees C, viability of the livers was assessed upon isolated reperfusion in vitro. Conventional signs of tissue damage like enzyme release and bile production showed a significantly elevated nonspecific cell injury in the NHBD group. TUNEL staining revealed increased DNA fragmentation of sinusoidal endothelial cells in the NHBD group and more apoptotic hepatocytes than in the control group. All these alterations could be almost abrogated by the use of VSOP in the NHBD + O2 group. The immunohistochemical staining of Fas antigen expression showed a significantly elevated Fas receptor expression in the NHBD and NHBD + O2 groups, in accord with an eightfold increase of Fas receptor mRNA detected by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These results demonstrate that the postischemic apoptotic rate of sinusoidal endothelial cells in NHBD livers can be reduced by the use of VSOP. A significant improvement in liver integrity and viability was obtained with this technique, without influencing the expression of Fas expression.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative evaluation of five in vitro tests for assessing the eye irritation potential of hair-care products.

This study compared five methods, the isolated rabbit eye (IRE), bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP), EpiOcular, fluorescein leakage (FL) and neutral red release (NRR) assays, for predicting the eye irritation potential of hair-care formulations. Ten shampoo and seven conditioner formulations of known ocular irritation potential were tested. Each group included a market-acceptable formulation as a comparative benchmark. Predictions of ocular irritation were made by using classification models (IRE, BCOP and EpiOcular assays) or by direct comparison with benchmarks (IRE, EpiOcular, FL and NRR assays). The BCOP assay was less sensitive than the IRE test in discriminating between formulations of different irritation potentials, and did not perform as well as the other assays in identifying mild formulations. All of the assays appeared to be better at discriminating correctly between the shampoos than between the conditioners. The EpiOcular assay showed the closest concordance between the in vivo results and the in vitro data from cell-based assays (particularly for shampoos). The FL assay also showed a high concordance (particularly for conditioners). There was a tendency for these in vitro assays to over-predict eye irritation potential, but there was no under-prediction and they were particularly successful at identifying mild formulations. The NRR assay was less predictive with both shampoos and conditioners. The results from this comparative evaluation fully support the continued use of the IRE test as a suitable alternative to in vivo eye irritation testing in rabbits, although it also over-predicted the irritancies of several of the formulations. The value of using concurrent benchmarks (reference standards), appropriate to the materials being tested, in interpreting the data obtained from in vitro tests, was also demonstrated. Overall, the results indicate that further comparisons of the IRE, EpiOcular and FL assays are warranted using much larger numbers of test materials.

Animal Testing Alternatives↗