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D Danielsson

Publications and source records attributed to D Danielsson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

P-ANCA in monozygotic twins with inflammatory bowel disease.

Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (P-ANCA) have been demonstrated in patients with ulcerative colitis and in a higher frequency than expected in their first degree relatives. A hypothesis was proposed that P-ANCA is genetically determined and may represent a subclinical marker of genetic susceptibility to ulcerative colitis. This study analysed P-ANCA in monozygotic twins with inflammatory bowel disease to evaluate this hypothesis further. P-ANCA was analysed with indirect immunofluorescence technique in 12 monozygotic twin pairs with ulcerative colitis and 14 twin pairs with Crohn's disease. Furthermore, the study included 21 non-twin patients with ulcerative colitis, 18 non-twin patients with Crohn's disease, and 52 healthy controls matched for sex and age. In ulcerative colitis P-ANCA occurred in nine of 14 (64.3%) monozygotic twins and in 13 of 21 (61.9%) non-twin cases, which was significantly different compared with healthy controls who were positive in three of 52 (5.8%) cases (p < 0.0001). P-ANCA was found in two of 10 (20%) healthy twin siblings to twins with ulcerative colitis, which was not significantly different from healthy controls (p = 0.18). The results in Crohn's disease did not differ from healthy controls. Previous findings of P-ANCA occurring in ulcerative colitis but not in Crohn's disease are supported. This study does not support the hypothesis that P-ANCA is a subclinical marker of genetic susceptibility to ulcerative colitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Ultrastructural study of two patterns in the interaction of Helicobacter pylori with neutrophils.

As evidenced by electron microscopy, unopsonised bacteria of some Helicobacter pylori strains were readily taken into cytoplasmic vacuoles of human neutrophils; those of other strains were only rarely absorbed. The strains engulfed like this also induced strong oxidative burst reactions in neutrophils, as measured by chemiluminescence. This has been associated with peptic ulcer disease, in the past. The ultrastructural interaction patterns agreed with the reaction patterns shown by chemiluminescence.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1994

Nonopsonic activation of neutrophils and cytotoxin production by Helicobacter pylori: ulcerogenic markers.

Fifty-four clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori from human gastric biopsy specimens were tested for cytotoxin production, as determined by intracellular vacuolization of HeLa cells, and for the induction of oxidative burst in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), as measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL). Nonopsonized, 20 of the H. pylori strains induced a rapid and strong CL response, in contrast to 30 other strains, which showed only weak and slow responses. Another four strains gave inconclusive results. Cytotoxin production was demonstrated in 10 of the 20 strains with rapid responses but only in 3 of the 30 strains with slow and low responses (p = 0.0027, Fisher's exact test, two-tailed). Eleven of the 15 cytotoxin-producing strains (p = 0.0135) and 13 of the 20 strains with strong CL responses (p = 0.0209) were from 22 patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). The ability of some nonopsonized H. pylori to activate PMNLs showed co-variation with their ability to produce cytotoxin, but these two properties seem to be independent markers of PUD.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Endomysium and gliadin IgA antibodies in children with coeliac disease.

The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of IgA endomysium antibodies (EmA) and IgA gliadin antibodies (AGA) for coeliac disease (CD) were studied in Swedish children. Indirect immunofluorescence was used for demonstration of EmA and the diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for AGA. Serum samples were collected and analysed from 77 consecutive children undergoing small-intestinal biopsy on recognized clinical indications. The diagnostic sensitivity for CD was 98.1% for EmA and 86.5% for AGA. The specificity of the two tests was 92.7% for EmA and 92.7% for AGA in paediatric patients. In addition, 115 sera from control children showed 2.6% positive for EmA and 0.9% positive for AGA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Plasmid carriage and antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Sweden 1981-1990.

A random selection of Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Sweden in the period 1981-1990 were investigated for plasmid carriage and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents commonly used for treatment and prophylaxis of meningococcal disease. The MICs were determined by the agar dilution method for penicillin V, penicillin G, rifampicin, sulfadiazine, erythromycin and tetracycline. In 13% of the invasive strains the MIC of penicillin V was > or = 0.5 mg/l which may cause concern regarding the usefulness of penicillin V in prophylaxis. In strains isolated from the urogenital tract the MICs of penicillin V and penicillin G were higher than in the invasive strains. In about 82% of the strains isolated in 1987-1988 the MIC of tetracycline was > or = 0.5 mg/l whereas no such strains were found in 1981-1982. Plasmids were found in 2 of 119 invasive strains, in 1 of 50 strains from the respiratory tract and in 1 of 19 strains from the urogenital tract. The plasmid sizes were 1.3, 2.6, 25 and 40 Mda. None of these strains were beta-lactamase producing and no relation to a high degree antibiotic resistance was observed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Formula diet is a preventive factor in experimentally induced ideal ulcers in rats. A bacteriological study.

We earlier described an experimental model to create recurring chronic ileal inflammation with ulceration in the rat. A 2 cm segment of the distal ileum is excised but left attached to its intact mesentery; the ileum is reanastomosed. The ileal segment will seal off its open ends and a cyst-like structure of varying size will be formed, containing mucus, cell debris and bacteria. Approximately two thirds of the animals develop chronic inflammation with ulceration proximal to the ileal anastomosis. The ileal cyst and the surgical procedure on the distal ileum were shown to be prerequisites of the rat model for the development of lesions. We recently described that, in contrast to rats fed a standard diet, rats fed a hydrolyzed formula diet never developed inflammation or ulceration when subjected to the experimental procedure. In the present study we confirmed these observations and showed that the normal ileal flora (NIF) and the ileal cyst flora (ICF) were significantly influenced by the diets. The bacterial counts of both the aerobic and anaerobic NIF were 2 10log lower, i.e. > or = 99%, in rat fed the formula diet as compared to in those fed standard rat pellets. The NIF of the former group was represented by more aerobic species than the NIF of rats on the standard diet. Compared to the NIF there was a parallel increase in the bacterial counts of the ICF by approximately 2 10log CFU values in both groups of rats. The mean number of anaerobic species, mainly Gram-negative rods of the ICF, increased by approximately 70% in the rats on the standard diet that developed ileal ulceration, whereas identified aerobic species of the ICF decreased by 61% in rats on the formula diet and by 46% in those on the standard diet that did not develop ileal ulceration. The number of anaerobes in those groups of rats remained unchanged. The significant bacteriological differences between the rats that developed ileal ulcers and those which did not indicate that bacteria may be involved, directly or indirectly, in the development of chronic ileal ulceration.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1993

Incidence of Helicobacter pylori strains activating neutrophils in patients with peptic ulcer disease.

A total of 61 human gastric isolates of Helicobacter pylori were studied for their ability to induce an oxidative burst in human neutrophils measured by luminol enhanced chemiluminescence. About one third of the strains induced strong and rapid chemiluminescence in neutrophils even without serum opsonins and agglutinated these cells on glass slides within two minutes. For other strains complement was required, although even then the reactions remained at a lower level. The activating and agglutinating property was bound to the cells, heat labile, and sensitive to several enzymes but resistant to acid. Strains possessing such activity were more common in patients with peptic ulcer disease than in patients with active chronic gastritis only (p = 0.0261, Fisher's exact test, two tailed). The activity shown might be a new indicator for ulcerogenic strains and could also partly explain the accumulation of neutrophils in the gastric mucosa during H pylori infection.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1993

Serum bactericidal activity and induction of chemiluminescence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes: complement activation pathway requirements in defense against Neisseria meningitidis.

Serum bactericidal activity and chemiluminescence (CL) responses of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) to pathogenic Neisseria meningitidis serogroups B and W-135 and to nonpathogenic serogroup 29E were examined with pooled normal human serum depleted of the complement proteins C1q, factor D, properdin and C5. Purified C1q, factor D, properdin and C5 were added alone or in combination. For investigation of serogroup W-135 meningococci, a C1q, factor D and properdin-depleted postvaccination serum with high concentrations of anticapsular antibodies was also used. Serogroup B and W-135 cultured to log phase were resistant to the bactericidal activity of pooled normal human serum but were efficiently killed through the classical pathway alone when the bacteria were cultured to stationary phase. Nonpathogenic serogroup 29E meningococci in log or stationary growth phases were efficiently killed in serum, predominantly through the classical pathway. Serogroup W-135 meningococci grown to log phase were resistant to classical pathway-mediated bactericidal activity in postvaccination serum but were killed on addition of alternative pathway proteins. Stationary phase serogroup W-135 meningococci were killed through both pathways in the postvaccination serum. In the pooled normal human serum CL responses of PMNL were consistently more pronounced with fully reconstituted C1q, factor D, properdin, C5-depleted serum than with serum reconstituted with C1q, factor D and properdin suggesting contribution of actions related to terminal components. In the absence of C1q, serogroup W-135 meningococci in postvaccination serum induced a significant but delayed alternative pathway-mediated CL response. CL responses induced by serum-opsonized meningococci, in contrast to serum bactericidal activity, were not influenced by culture conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1992

Early development in healthy children of serum opsonins against nonpathogenic Neisseria meningitidis.

In an earlier study, with the use of chemiluminescence (CL) and phagocytic killing, we could show that in the presence of serum from healthy adults polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) efficiently handle nonpathogenic Neisseria meningitidis strains, in sharp contrast to those associated with clinical disease. The major part of this difference was dependent on serum factors. In the present study 84 serum samples from children 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, and 10-14 years old were studied by the CL technique according to their ability to opsonize meningococci. There was a highly significant difference (p less than 0.001) in all four age groups when the CL indexes obtained with the pathogenic meningococci of the serogroups A, B and C were compared with those of the nonpathogenic menigococci: serogroup 29E and nongroupable meningococci. These findings imply that the ability to opsonize so-called nonpathogenic meningococci is developed early in life and may explain why they are only occasionally able to cause disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Experimentally induced ileal ulcers in rats. Formula diet is a preventive factor.

We recently described an experimental model in the rat to create recurring chronic ileal inflammation including ulceration. This model is dependent on an "in vivo culture" of normal intestinal contents. In the present experimental study we examined the effect of a polymeric and a hydrolyzed formula diet on the formation of ulcerating lesions using our rat model. Two groups of rats (twenty in each group) were fed either one of these formula diets eight weeks prior to the experimental procedure and this diet was continued until sacrifice eight weeks later. Twenty control rats also underwent the experimental procedure but were fed standard rat pellets for the same time periods. At sacrifice 60% of the control rats had developed ileal ulcers. None of the rats fed the formula diets developed macroscopic ileal inflammation or ulceration. The effectiveness of formula diets in inducing remission in Crohn's disease in humans may be linked to alterations in the intestinal microflora. We hypothesize that the formula diets in this experiment exerted a protective effect against ileal ulceration by altering the ileal microflora. Preliminary studies support this hypothesis but need to be expanded.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

IgG subclass distribution in serum and rectal mucosa of monozygotic twins with or without inflammatory bowel disease.

Serum samples from 26 monozygotic twin pairs concordant or discordant with regard to inflammatory bowel disease, and rectal biopsies from 42 twins of the same subject group, were examined for IgG subclasses. They were all compared with normal controls. Almost all affected twins were in clinical remission. Paired immunofluorescence staining of the rectal mucosa showed that those with ulcerative colitis had a significantly higher (p < 0.01) proportion of IgG1 producing mucosal immunocytes than normal controls (78.1% v 55.9%). Conversely, the IgG2 cell fraction was significantly reduced (15.9% v 34.6%). Healthy twins from ulcerative colitis pairs tended to show a raised proportion of IgG1 cells and the IgG2 cell fraction was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). In discordant ulcerative colitis twin pairs, no difference appeared in the cellular IgG subclass pattern between healthy and affected twins. Furthermore, the proportion of IgG1 in these healthy and diseased twins showed good correlation (T = 0.867). The results in rectal mucosa of twins with Crohn's disease were widely scattered and affected twins did not differ significantly from normal controls. Healthy twins, however, showed a marginally raised IgG1 cell proportion, but no correlation was seen between the IgG subclass fractions in discordant Crohn's disease twin pairs. The serum concentrations of IgG1 and IgG2 did not differ from normal controls in twins of either category. These results suggested that in ulcerative colitis, the aberrant mucosal production of IgG1 and IgG2 does not depend on active disease, but is apparently at least partially explained by a genetic impact. Conversely, the mucosal IgG subclass pattern in Crohn's disease appears to be determined mainly by exogenous variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Atopic allergy to chloramine-T and the demonstration of specific IgE antibodies by the radioallergosorbent test.

Chloramine-T is a small molecular oxidizing agent that has been widely used as a disinfectant since the beginning of this century. It is generally used in a 5% solution but it is also supplied in powder form. Sporadic case reports of immediate-type sensitization to this agent associated with symptoms of asthma, rhinitis and urticaria have appeared during recent decades. In one of the reports, specific IgE antibodies in sera of four patients who developed asthmatic symptoms after exposure to chloramine-T were demonstrated using a radioimmuno-assay. Three cases of bronchial asthma in workers who had handled chloramine-T powder are described in the present report. Positive skin-prick test reactions to chloramine-T were observed and specific IgE antibodies to human serum albumin treated with chloramine-T were detected using the classic radioallergosorbent (RAST) technique in all three patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mobiluncus species in bacterial vaginosis: aspects of pathogenesis.

Mobiluncus is an anaerobic motile rod associated with bacterial vaginosis. In this work, luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence was used to study the ability of Mobiluncus spp. from the vaginas of women with bacterial vaginosis to induce, in the presence of normal adult serum, oxidative metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which is an indirect measure of phagocytic activity. M. curtisii induced a significantly (p less than 0.05) lower response than M. mulieris, which indicates that M. curtisii escapes phagocytosis more easily. Indirect immunofluorescence assays showed IgG antibodies to M. curtisii at significantly (p less than 0.01) higher titres than to M. mulieris in women with bacterial vaginosis. The titres were higher in patients with bacterial vaginosis than in women without vaginosis and healthy men. No antibodies to Mobiluncus spp. of secretory IgA type were found in vaginal washings. These results indicate that M. curtisii is a more virulent species than M. mulieris, and agree with reports of M. curtisii found in postoperative and extragenital infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Current status of serotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Protein I has become the basis of serotyping of N. gonorrhoeae. A panel of 12 anti-protein I monoclonal antibodies is supplied by Syva Company, Palo Alto, CA, through distributors for research purposes only. These distributors are responsible for storing the monoclonal antibodies, supplying research groups and training new users, particularly in the interpretation of coagglutination reactions. A European Workshop was held in Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany in July 1988 to discuss serotyping with these antibodies. The current uses of serotyping of N. gonorrhoeae include epidemiological studies, clinical purposes and surveillance of antibiotic resistance and plasmid carriage. Predominant serovars may be subtyped either by additional antibodies or with the use of another technique, such as auxotyping, determination of antibiotic sensitivities, plasmid analysis or genetic fingerprinting. Conversely, there is growing evidence that it may be appropriate to group certain serovars together. Data collected during prevalence studies could be combined with clinical information and an international data bank set up. This supposes a close future collaboration of all groups involved in the epidemiology of N. gonorrhoeae.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Characterization of epidemic and nonepidemic Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A strains from Sudan and Sweden.

A random selection of 25 strains isolated during an epidemic caused by serogroup A Neisseria meningitidis in Sudan (1988), 3 preepidemic meningococcal strains (1985), and 26 serogroup A strains isolated from sporadic cases of meningitis in Sweden (1973 to 1987) were assessed for multilocus enzyme genotypes (ETs), DNA restriction enzyme patterns, outer membrane proteins, lipopolysaccharides, pilus formation, and antibiograms. All of the 25 Sudanese epidemic isolates and 22 of the Swedish strains were of the same or closely related ETs (ETs 3, 4, and 5), corresponding to clone III-1, which has been responsible for two pandemic waves in the last three decades. The earlier pandemic involved Scandinavia, and the last one caused an outbreak during the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia (August 1987), spreading to Sudan, Chad, and Ethiopia. The three Sudanese preepidemic isolates (1985) were clone IV-1 (sulfonamide susceptible), which has been resident in the African meningitis belt for the last 25 years. The uniformity of clone III-1 strains (all sulfonamide resistant) from Sudan and Sweden was confirmed by DNA restriction enzyme patterns. ETs 3, 4, and 5 from Sudan and Sweden had 86 to 100% similarity to a Swedish clone III-1 reference strain, whereas ETs 1, 2, 6, and 7 showed 50 to 80% similarity. Class 1 protein for clone III-1 showed serosubtype antigens P1.9 and P1.x, whereas ET6 strains (clone IV-1) had serosubtype P1.7. Lipopolysaccharides were variable in the Sudanese and Swedish strains. Pili were expressed in all clone III-1 isolates from Sudan and Sweden but in none of the clone IV-1 isolates (Sudan, 1985).

Antigenic Variation↗
PubMed1990

Epidemiology and aetiology of acute non-tuberculous salpingitis. A comparison between the early 1970s and the early 1980s with special reference to gonorrhoea and use of intrauterine contraceptive device.

More patients were hospitalised for acute salpingitis at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Orebro Medical Centre, Orebro, Sweden, during the 5 year period 1970-1974 (period I) as compared with that of 1980-1984 (period II), 666 patients and 524 respectively, a decrease of 22%. The majority of cases, 92% in period I and 85% in period II, occurred among women 15-34 years of age, that is a relative increase of patients aged over 34 from 8% in period I to 15% in period II. Concomitant urogenital gonorrhoea occurred in 26.2% of the patients in period I compared with 12.0% in period II, a highly significant decrease (p less than 0.001) mainly confined to the age group 15-24, whereas there was no relative difference for the two periods in the age group 25-34 years. The number of patients using intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) was 96/666 (14.4%) in period I compared with 113/524 (21.6%) in period II (p less than 0.001). There were also relatively more IUCD users among the patients with gonorrhoea and acute salpingitis in period II (15.5%) compared with period I (10.4%) but this difference was not statistically significant. From 1981 to 1984 370/424 patients were cultured for Chlamydia trachomatis and 27.8% (103/370) were positive. Thus Chlamydia trachomatis is at present, at least in the Orebro area, the most frequently isolated STD agent among acute salpingitis patients while gonorrhoea is of much less importance.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Gonorrhea: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the era of resistance to antibiotics.

Culture procedures are the methods of choice for the diagnosis of gonorrhea, and they also allow for antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolated gonococcal strains. This is important because of the growing frequency in many countries of infections with antibiotic-resistant strains. The present report discusses the diagnosis, epidemiology, and various modes for treatment of infections with plasmid-mediated high-level penicillin- and high-level tetracyclin-resistant gonococcal strains, as well as infections with gonococcal strains with chromosomally mediated resistance to penicillin, spectinomycin, and other antibiotics, such as the quinolones. The importance of subjecting treated patients to tests of cure is stressed, as well as the need for continous surveillance studies and strategies for control.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗