Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D D Thompson.
Close agreement between the age at death estimated by macroscopic and microscopic methods was obtained for the Shanidar 3 Neanderthal. This suggests the possibility of obtaining age at death estimates by microscopic methods in other fossil hominids where the skeletal remains are highly fragmentary and macroscopic methods are not applicable.
Little empirical information is available to either support or contradict a widely held belief that supplemental nursing personnel are more costly than hospital-based personnel. The results of a study that examined this question are presented.
Living adult Eskimos from St. Lawrence Island, North Alaska, and Canada undergo an earlier and more rapid rate of age-related bone mineral loss compared to U.S. whites. Further, it has been shown that Eskimos and Indians differ in patterns of osteon remodeling at the Haversian envelope. Femoral bone cores from adult Eskimos skeletons from St. Lawrence Island (n = 53), Kodiak Island (n = 92), Baffin Island (n = 44), and Southampton Island (n = 69) were analyzed and the results compared with those obtained from cores from U.S. whites (n = 144). Cortical thickness, bone mineral content of cores, cortical bone density, secondary osteon and Haversian canal number and area were quantified for each core. Ages at death were estimated by histological methods and compared with the ages at death estimated by morphological methods for the Eskimo skeletons. Known ages at death were compared with histologically estimated ages at death for the U.S. white series. St. Lawrence Island and Kodiak Island (Yupik speakers) Eskimo cortical thickness values were significantly (P less than .05) greater than Baffin Island and Southampton Island (Inupiaq speakers) Eskimos cortical thickness values but less than the cortical thickness values for U.S. whites. The bone mineral content of the Southampton Eskimos femoral cores was the lowest found in this study. Histological analysis of the femoral bone sections showed that Eskimos contain more osteons per unit area than U.S. whites. No differences in osteon size were noted between the two populations. Differences in patterns of osteon remodeling between Eskimos and whites were inferred. Age at death estimation by histological methods in Eskimos using U.S. white regression equations yielded age estimates in poor agreement with those obtained by morphological methods.
The core technique was used to estimate age at death in 54 forensic science cases. Femurs provided the most accurate age estimates, followed by tibiae, then humeri. Accurate age estimates were derived for two groups of individuals: younger than and older than 40 years of age. Certain skeletal abnormalities and conditions were found to affect the accuracy of the technique.
Advances in medical technology have led to improved methods of treating critical illnesses, but such treatment cannot be carried out without special care units.
Age-related changes in femoral cortical bone were quantified in an age-graded series of human cadavers. Variables included in this study were cortical thickness, bone mineral content, cortical bone density, summed Haversian canal area, Haversian canal number, and mean Haversian canal area. Females showed significant (P less than 0.05) decreases in cortical thickness, bone mineral content, and cortical bone density when plotted against age. Males exhibited slight nonsignificant declines for cortical thickness, bone mineral content, and cortical bone density. Both males and females exhibited significant (P less than 0.05) age-related increases in summed Haversian canal area values and Haversian canal number. Females as a group were found to exhibit significantly (P less than 0.05) larger mean Haversian canal area values compared with males, but the male group exhibited more Haversian canals per unit area of cortical bone compared with females. Intercorrelations between the bone mineral index and summed Haversian canal area and between cortical bone density and summed Haversian canal area define the role of increasing Haversian canal number and mean canal size per unit area of cortical bone as a factor in the reduction of bone mass as a function of age. Partial correlations between the bone mass variables and the variables assessing Haversian canal size and number further support this argument.
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Health planning such as consolidation and closure of facilities and services to contain costs often contradicts rural populations' needs for increased access to better or even basic services/Model programs to meet these needs are discussed.
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This study proposed an histological method of estimating age at death in skeletons that uses a 0.4-cm-diameter core of cortical bone. Age-estimating regression equations were generated from data obtained from the analysis of bone cores taken from femurs, tibiae, humeri, and ulnas of cadavers. When the regression equations generated in this study were applied to eight forensic science cases, accurate ages at death were estimated.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.