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Biomedical subjects

D D Men'shikov

Publications and source records attributed to D D Men'shikov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Efficacy of bacteriophages in complex treatment of patients with burn wounds].

Results of clinical and laboratory evaluation of the treatment with pyobacteriophage in tablets of the patients with burn wounds are presented. It was shown that phagotherapy provided more rapid cure of pyoseptic complications, temperature normalization, wounds purification and lower lethality Bacteriological analysis of wound secretions revealed that after the treatment staphylococci and streptococci were cultured 2 times rarely, Proteus spp. Were isolated 1.5 times rarely, E. coli was not isolated. The amount of positive haemocultures also diminished. Investigation of immunologic status demonstrated statistically significant normalization of immunity on cell level. Phagocytosis level didn't change while in control group (without bacteriophage use) it became lower. Antibody level enhanced but less extensively than in control group. The results of trial demonstrates positive effect of phagotherapy use at the patients with burns.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

[Possibility of using microbiological data in epidemiological analysis of hospital pneumonias].

A total of 528 patients with nosocomial pneumonias were examined by bacteriological methods during 4 years. The data on the patients and on 2468 bacterial strains isolated from them were computer processed using original software "Hospital Infection". Special attention was paid to hospital strains of pneumonia agents of the same taxonomic position with identical markers of antibacterial resistance. Tendencies and seasonal fluctuations in the prevalence of hospital serovars were detected. Special bacteriological studies helped detect differences in the translocation capacity of different biological variants of the agents. Routine bacteriological studies and their adequate statistical computer processing yield information needed for epidemiological analysis of the development of nosocomial pneumonias in patients of clinical wards of different profile.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1998

[Etiotropic antibiotic therapy and immunotherapy of patients with pyo-inflammatory processes].

A 3-year experience was reviewed in the treatment of patients with pyoinflammatory processes (PIP) which developed during the postoperative period in 387 persons with closed injury and multiple penetrating wounds of the chest and stomach complicated by massive hemorrhage. When the PIP was localized in the abdominal cavity, enterobacteria and bacteroides were the main pathogens: 49.4 +/- 2.1 and 32.8 +/- 1.4 per cent, respectively. When the PIP was localized in the thoracic cavity, the most frequent pathogens were staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacteria: 26.5 +/- 1.4, 24.6 +/- 1.4 and 13.3 +/- 0.8 per cent, respectively. In all the cases high variability of the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates and predominance of the strains resistant to 5 or more drugs were observed. A suppressive effect of thienam on the immune system was revealed. The immunocorrection in parallel with the antibiotic therapy made it possible to prevent further development of immune deficiency and to recover the bactericidal potency of the phagocyting cells. The use of various physiochemical methods in complex treatment of PIPs is substantiated.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Tasks and possibilities of bacteriological laboratories in computer-assisted control of hospital infections].

The authors discuss the organization of epidemiological surveillance of hospital infections, carried out by bacteriological laboratories. The principal tasks of epidemiological surveillance of pyoseptic infections in surgical hospitals are formulated. The potentialities of using the data of computer monitoring of nosocomial infections are discussed. This method helps adopt epidemiologically justified decisions.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1997

[Diagnosis of chlamydia and gardnerella infection in patients with acute gynecological diseases].

Chlamydial infection was diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence in 26.3% and Gardnerella infection in 28.7% of patients with acute gynecological diseases. The degree of vaginal contamination in patients with chlamydiasis was virtually the same as in all other examinees, whereas in patients with gardnerellosis the third and fourth degrees of purity predominated. Hence, assessment of the vaginal contamination (purity) is an additional criterion for screening for gardnerellosis but providing no clinically significant information for the detection of chlamydiasis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

[Antimicrobial properties of pectins and their effects on antibiotics].

The influence of food fibres and plant proteins on microorganisms, bacteriophages, antibiotics and penicillinase was studied in vitro. It was shown that pectin was the only agent that had a bactericidal effect on the most widely distributed pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and did not influence indigenic microflora. High concentrations of pectin (> 2 per cent) had an inactivating effect on therapeutic bacteriophages. There was also a decrease in the antimicrobial activity of penicillins. The other agents tested i.e. wheat bran, soya isolate and soybean flour had no influence on microorganisms, bacteriophages and antibiotics. No sorption activity of the food fibres and plant proteins with respect to microorganisms and antibiotics or their effect on penicillinase was observed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

[Microbiological diagnosis and antibacterial therapy of non spore-forming anaerobic infections in emergencies].

A total of 240 patients with soft tissue and wound suppurations, peritonitis, and suspected sepsis were examined. Anaerobic isolates were more frequently obtained in 20-75% of patients infections associated with facultative microbes. The use of non-culture media (bacterioscopy and gas-liquid chromatography) increased the detection rate of anaerobic infection up to 82% as compared with bacteriological diagnosis (63%). The findings and the data of monitoring of suppuration agents for several years allowed the authors to work out effective combined treatment regimes for early mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections in 80-100% of patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

[Microbiologic diagnosis of mixed anaerobic and aerobic surgical infections].

One hundred and twelve patients with purulent affections of the abdominal and thoracic cavities as well as soft tissues and 49 patients with suspected generalization of the infection were examined. It was shown that the position of mixed anaerobic and aerobic infections in various groups of the patients could reach 70-80 per cent while the species composition of the pathogens was close to that of the normal microflora in the affected organ or its region. Bacteroides spp. played the main role in the development of anaerobic sepsis and conditioned a distinctive process. There was observed synergism of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. and they were shown to serve as indicators of the anaerobic infection due to these species in definite biotops. The use of GLC markedly lowered the time required for diagnosis of anaerobic infections which provided rational chemotherapy at the early stages of the disease with an account of the data on monitoring of the suppuration causative agent.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of drugs of various groups on the course of experimental local pyo-inflammatory processes].

To develop new approaches to providing higher efficacy of antibacterial therapy of purulent infection, experiments on 104 rats were performed. A decrease in the inflammation was shown in a series of the experiments with the dermonecrotic test using mono- and mixed cultures of Staphylococcus aureuo, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at the background of the animal treatment with anapriline and heparin. The effect of mezatone and dicinone was the opposite one. The drugs had different effects on the host response to the introduction of microorganisms of various species as mono- and mixed cultures. The experiments on a group of animals with wound infection not subjected to the preliminary alteration of the tissues demonstrated that the treatment with gentamicin and anapriline combinations was more efficient than the gentamicin monotherapy. The use of anapriline improved the antibiotic pharmacokinetics, had a favourable effect on the wound reparation, promoted a decrease in the count of viable microbes in the wound secretion and increased the antibiotic concentration gradient.

Adrenergic Agents↗
PubMed1991

[The dynamics of the wound microflora in the victims of the earthquake in Armenia].

The data on the composition of wound microflora, as well as changes in the contamination index over the course of treatment of patients with the syndrome of prolonged compression, who were brought to the institute after the earthquake in Armenia, are presented. The authors characterize the structure of the causative agents of wound infection in the patients treated at the traumatological department of the institute over several years. The epidemiological situation in the hospital in the period when the earthquake victims were treated there is analyzed.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1991

[The microfloral wound dynamics of the victims in the railroad disaster in Bashkiria].

The work deals with the microbial composition of burn wounds in the victims of the railroad catastrophe in Bashkiria during their stay in a hospital. The comparison of the microbial spectrum in the wounds of the burn victims of the catastrophe with the results of the monitoring of the causative agents of burn infections in patients treated at the department of thermal lesions over a period of 3 years is presented. The medicinal sensitivity of wound microflora at all stages of the hospital treatment of the patients was studied and compared with the medicinal sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from the wounds of burn patients in 1988.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1990

[A comparative study of two commercial systems for the enzymatic identification of enterobacteriaceae].

Two commercial test systems: Entero-Test manufactured in Czechoslovakia and made in the USSR are compared. Species identification of 33 newly isolated strains of gram-negative bacteria isolated from the wounds of subjects injured in the earthquake in Armenia was carried out. The advantages and shortcomings of the examined systems are analyzed. Species identification of Enterobacteriaceae by the two systems coincided in 97.2% of the examined cultures.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in the composition of the causative agents of wound infection in emergency surgery in the period from 1967 through 1987].

The composition of the causative agents of suppurations, isolated from suppurating wounds of patients hospitalized at different departments of the Sklifosovskiĭ Emergency Aid Institute was studied. The proportion of representatives of different microbial families among more than 18,000 strains of the causative agents of wound infection was estimated. Fluctuations in the amount and structure of the agents were analyzed in different clinics over the period of 1967-1987. Under the conditions of emergency aid hospital Staphylococcus aureus proved to be the most frequent causative agent of suppurative inflammatory processes at different departments. At the same time no tendency towards an increase of the etiological role of any microbial family in the development of wound infections was noted. The incidence of different causative agents of suppurations was found to vary at different departments, depending on their specialization and season. The results of observations on the composition of the causative agents of wound infection may be used for the planning and evaluation of antiepidemic measures.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1990

[The ecological communality of obligate anaerobic and aerobic causative agents of suppurative processes].

The composition of aerobic-anaerobic associations in peritonitis and mediastinitis has been found to correspond to the normal microflora of the biotope organ whose lesion leads to the development of the pathological process. As shown with the use of Jacquard's coefficient, in peritonitis the highest degree of ecological similarity is observed among bacteroids and enterobacteria (45.8%) and in mediastinitis and phlegmons, among bacteroids and staphylococci (45.0% and 45.4% respectively). The results of the study of symbiotic relationships among bacteria in the focus of inflammation may be used in the study of the pathogenesis of mixed infections.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗