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Biomedical subjects

D D Lewis

Publications and source records attributed to D D Lewis.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Hypertrophic osteopathy associated with Mycobacterium fortuitum pneumonia in a dog.

Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from the lung of a dog that had new periosteal bone formation consistent with hypertrophic osteopathy. Fever, weight loss, and bilateral hind limb lameness were the initial clinical signs. The tarsi were swollen and a pain response was elicited on palpation of the hind limb. Radiography revealed periosteal new bone formation on the metatarsi, femurs, and ischii. Thoracic radiography revealed pulmonary mass lesions in the right middle and left caudal lung lobes. After right middle and left caudal lung lobectomy, M fortuitum was isolated from the excised tissues. Amoxicillin trihydrate/clavulanic acid and amikacin were administered, on the basis of susceptibility test results.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of deferoxamine-hydroxyethyl pentafraction starch on free, autogenous full-thickness skin grafts in dogs.

Free, autogenous, full-thickness skin grafting was performed on 10 dogs; 5 dogs were given an iron chelator, deferoxamine-10% hydroxyethyl pentafraction starch (DEF-HES; 50 mg/kg of body weight, IV), and 5 dogs were given 10% hydroxyethyl pentafraction starch (HES) in 0.9% saline solution (5 ml/kg, IV). The percentage of viable graft on day 10 was higher, but not significantly so, in DEF-HES-treated dogs (mean +/- SD, 72.6 +/- 24.8%; median 76.5%) than in HES-treated dogs (mean +/- SD, 46.7 +/- 34.3%; median, 48.8%). A trend for a positive correlation between the percentage of viable graft (on day 10) and the percentage of original graft area (on day 28) was observed in HES- and DEF-HES-treated dogs; this trend was significant in HES-treated dogs (P = 0.012). Both groups had significant positive correlation between percentage of viable graft on day 10 and percentage of haired skin on day 28 (HES, P = 0.000002; DEF-HES, P = 0.0148). A unique finding in DEF-HES treated dogs was the consistent observation of foamy macrophages in the dermis adjacent to the grafts, in deep subcutaneous tissue below the grafts, and in normal dermis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Diskospondylitis associated with Brucella canis infection in dogs: 14 cases (1980-1991).

A retrospective study of 135 dogs with diskospondylitis revealed 14 dogs with concurrent Brucella canis infection. Sexually intact male dogs and dogs in the southeastern United States appeared to be at higher risk. Results of bacteriologic culturing of blood were less likely to be positive for dogs with diskospondylitis caused by B canis infection than for dogs with diskospondylitis caused by other organisms. Follow-up evaluation of 13 of the 14 dogs revealed complete remission of clinical signs in nine, but serologic test results continued to be positive for B canis infection long after resolution of clinical abnormalities. Radiographic follow-up evaluation in 6 dogs revealed active lesions despite complete remission of clinical abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Complications associated with the use of iohexol for myelography of the cervical vertebral column in dogs: 66 cases (1988-1990).

Medical records of 66 dogs that had undergone myelography, using iohexol (240 mg of iodine/ml, 0.3 to 0.5 ml/kg of body weight) during a 2-year period, were reviewed. In 3 dogs, myelography was performed twice during different anesthetic procedures. Neurologic abnormalities were more pronounced the day after myelography in dogs with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy (P less than 0.01), meningitis (P less than 0.01), or extradural tumors (P less than 0.05). Neither anesthetic regimen nor duration of anesthesia significantly affected the frequency of complications. Seizures occurred after myelography in 6 dogs, and 1 dog had seizures after each of 2 myelographic procedures. The frequency of seizures was significantly greater in male Doberman Pinschers afflicted with caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy. Male dogs (P less than 0.01) and Doberman Pinschers (P less than 0.001) had higher prevalence of seizures. Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy was associated with higher prevalence of seizures, compared with all other diagnoses (P less than 0.001). Seizures were significantly more prevalent when body weight was greater than or equal to 29 kg (P less than 0.001), when greater than or equal to 2 injections of contrast medium were administered (P less than 0.016), or when 2 injections of contrast medium were given at the cisterna magna (P less than 0.015). The 10% prevalence of seizures after myelography with iohexol in the study reported here is greater than in previous reports, but is lower than that reported after myelography using metrizamide.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1991

Extradural spinal liposarcoma in a dog.

An 8-year-old female Doberman Pinscher was examined because of progressive, asymmetric, ambulatory caudal paraparesis. Myelography revealed extradural left ventrolateral spinal cord compression over the first and second lumbar vertebral bodies. A left hemilaminectomy, extending from the thirteenth thoracic to the second lumbar vertebrae, was done, and an extradural mass was removed. The tumor was identified histologically as myxoid liposarcoma. The dog's neurologic function improved gradually after surgery; however, at 7 months after surgery, hind limb neurologic function deteriorated rapidly over a 5-week period, presumably because of local recurrence of the tumor. The dog was euthanatized; necropsy was not permitted.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Use of external coaptation for the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in a dog.

Avascular necrosis of the femoral head was diagnosed in a 5-month-old Schipperke, before the development of femoral head and neck collapse and resultant degenerative joint disease. External coaptation, consisting of an Ehmer sling, was used to prevent the bearing of weight during revascularization and reossification of the subchondral bone. Results of pelvic radiography (at 10 and 24 weeks) indicated that the early use of conservative treatment was successful in promoting resolution of the aseptic necrosis and in maintaining normal coxofemoral anatomic features and function.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pulse oximetry: application in the pediatric and neonatal critical care unit.

The use of pulse oximetry in the pediatric and neonatal intensive care units has grown tremendously in recent years. Opinions about this growth are divergent. Arriving at a generalized statement about the accuracy of pulse oximeters is difficult, but it has generally been found to be acceptably accurate in most patient populations under most conditions. However, there are limitations to its application. Pulse oximetry accuracy can be adversely affected by elevated levels of certain abnormal hemoglobin varieties as well as motion artifact and low peripheral perfusion. Some authors suggest a caveat against the use of pulse oximetry to prevent hyperoxemia in the neonatal population, whereas others suggest it is an important advancement. The affect of the use of pulse oximetry on respiratory morbidity and mortality has not been established, and suggestions that all mechanically ventilated patients should be continuously monitored are unsubstantiated.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Repair of sixth lumbar vertebral fracture-luxations, using transilial pins and plastic spinous-process plates in six dogs.

Transilial pins and paired plastic spinous-process plates were used to repair fracture-luxations of the sixth lumbar vertebra in 6 dogs. All dogs had signs of lumbar pain and variable lower motor neuron deficits to the hindquarters (including hind limbs, tail, and pelvic region). Lumbar pain was decreased or resolved the day after surgery in all dogs, and 3 dogs were able to walk without assistance. One dog initially deteriorated neurologically after surgery and 2 dogs with multiple concurrent orthopedic injuries had no improvement in neurologic function and remained nonambulatory. Pin migration associated with improper bending of the transilial pins and requiring early implant removal was the most common postoperative complication. Four dogs had no neurologic abnormalities 1 to 3 months after surgery. One dog had a resolving unilateral sciatic nerve deficit 9 months after surgery, and another dog was euthanatized 3 months after surgery because of continued paraparesis and urinary and fecal incontinence. These 6 cases illustrate the efficacy of plastic spinous-process plates in combination with transilial pins for the repair of fracture-luxation of the sixth lumbar vertebra.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Fibrotic myopathy of the semitendinosus muscle in a cat.

Fibrotic myopathy of the semitendinosus muscle causing a progressive mechanical right hind limb lameness in a cat was treated with a Z-plasty lengthening procedure of the affected muscle. Lameness resolved after surgery; however, recurrence of gait abnormality began 2 weeks later. One year after surgery, the cat's gait was abnormal; this had little effect on ambulation. Histologic examination of biopsy specimens taken from the affected muscle at surgery revealed complete replacement of myofibers with dense fibrous connective tissue. Etiopathogenesis was not determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Use of a double-hook plate to repair a subtrochanteric femoral fracture in an immature dog.

A subtrochanteric femoral fracture in a 5-month-old Doberman Pinscher was repaired by use of a 5-hole, 3.5-mm, double-hook plate. The double-hook plate afforded rigid 3-point fixation of the short proximal metaphyseal segment without impingement of the proximal femoral physis and allowed compression of the fracture fragments by placement of an interfragmentary screw through its pendulum hole. The fracture healed without complications, and the dog had a rapid return to function. Although designed for use in performing femoral osteotomies in dogs afflicted with hip dysplasia, the double-hook plate can be used to repair fractures with short proximal or distal segments.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Restorative effects of levamisole on cell-mediated immune responses following chemotherapy with aniline mustard in mice bearing ADJ-PC5 plasmacytoma.

Restorative effects of levamisole on general and tumor-associated cell-mediated immune responses were investigated following aniline mustard (AM) chemotherapy of BALB/c mice bearing ADJ-PC5 plasmacytoma. Total eradication of tumor following AM chemotherapy resulted in severe depression of lymphoproliferative (LP) responses which recovered after a prolonged period of 4-6 weeks. During this time, spleen cells from these treated mice were shown to be generally depressed to T- and B-cell mitogens. Levamisole, an anthelmintic drug capable of enhancing depressed immune responses in mice and in man, was employed following AM chemotherapy in an attempt to restore immunocompetency. Administration of levamisole following AM had a significant effect on the ability of mice to resist rechallenge with ADJ-PC5 tumor and in tumor cell neutralization. The enhanced resistance to tumor cell challenge appeared to be associated with a faster recovery of the general T-cell immunocompetence as demonstrated in the LP assays among the mice receiving chemotherapy followed by adjuvant therapy. Levamisole, when administered alone to tumor-bearing mice, did not appear to possess a direct antitumor effect. In addition, levamisole did not potentiate cellular immunity to higher than normal levels in nonimmunodepressed mice. These results demonstrate the efficacy of levamisole as a restorative agent of the general and tumor-associated immunocompetency in the immunodepressed host.

Aniline Mustard↗
PubMed1978

Cellular immunity to solubilized tumor antigens of a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma with a migration inhibition assay.

BALB/c mice immunized with Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) crude solubilized (CS) extracts of a syngenetic methylcholanthrene-induced BALB/c sarcoma (Meth A) were challenged with viable Meth A cells to determine the ability of the solubilized preparations to induce transplantation rejection. Animals resisting such challenge were then used in agarose microdroplet macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) and tumor cell neutralization (Winn) assays to evaluate the antigenic specificity of these CS extracts. Spleen cells from those animals that rejected Meth A after immunization with the NP-40-solubilized preparations effectively neutralized the tumor-producing capacity of Meth A tumor cells as determined in Winn assays. MMI assays were quite sensitive and detected migration inhibition of peritoneal exudate (PE) cells from immunized mice with extract concentrations as low as picogram quantities. Specificity studies demonstrated that Meth A expressed no antigenic cross-reactivity with similarly prepared extracts of an unrelated SV40-induced sarcoma (mKSA), nor with a mineral oil-induced plasmacytoma (ADJ-PC5) of BALB/c mice. Inhibition of PE cell migration was mediated by culture supernatants (presumably migration inhibition factor [MIF]) generated from a mixture of immune spleen cells and mitomycin C (MMC)-treated Meth A cells as assayed in an indirect MMI test.

Animals↗