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Biomedical subjects

D D Dykstra

Publications and source records attributed to D D Dykstra.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The value of urodynamic testing in the management of neonates with myelodysplasia: a prospective study.

We report the results of a prospective study conducted to identify neonates with myelomeningocele at risk for changes in the upper urinary tract. Thirty newborns underwent full urological evaluation and were followed for a mean period of 18.2 months. The initial studies included voiding cystourethrography, excretory urography and urodynamic tests. Followup consisted of periodic radiographic studies and repeat urodynamic testing if any changes were observed. According to urodynamic findings the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 consisted of 9 neonates (30 per cent) with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia and high pressure, decreased-compliance bladders, and group 2 consisted of 21 children (70 per cent) with atonic bladders and low pressure, reduced-compliance bladders without dyssynergia. In group 1, 55 per cent of the patients had initially abnormal radiographic findings in contrast with 28.5 per cent in group 2. Anticholinergic drugs and clean intermittent catheterization or vesicostomy reversed the changes in 40 per cent of the children in group 1, 40 per cent remained stable and 20 per cent showed signs of deterioration. Four children in group 1 with normal neonatal radiographs were treated expectantly and at followup they all showed signs of deterioration. The neonates in group 2 with normal radiographic findings remained normal at followup. Of those who initially had changes 67 per cent reversed to normal without treatment, 17 per cent remained stable and 17 per cent had deterioration. Newborns with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia or high pressure, reduced-compliance bladders are at high risk of having upper urinary tract changes and require preventive decompressive treatment. Children with atonic or low pressure, reduced-compliance bladders and those with a coordinated bladder and sphincter are at low risk and need only close followup.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1978

Effects of anaerobic bacteria on Eimeria tenella infection in bacteria-free, monofloral, and conventional chickens.

Bacteria-free, monofloral, and conventional chicks were infected with Eimeria tenella. Monofloral chicks were established by inoculating birds in several gnotobiotic isolators with a single species of Escherichia coli or with one of three Bacteroides sp. isolates (No. 157, No. 202, or No. 366). Daily weights of individual birds were recorded for six days post-infection (PI). On Day 6 PI all birds were sacrificed and cecal lesions were scored. Conventional, infected birds lost weight on days 5 and 6 PI and showed severe lesions. Birds maintained as monofloral groups with isolates of Bacteroides sp. No. 157, No. 202 or E. coli showed equally severe lesions, but lost weight only on day 6 PI. Conventional, uninfected birds with no lesions, birds infected with Bacteroides sp. isolate No. 366 with mild lesions, and bacteria-free birds with mild to severe coccidial lesions all continued to gain weight on each day post-infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Monensin, Eimeria tenella infection, and effects on the bacterial populations in the ceca of gnotobiotic chickens.

Bacteria-free chicks in separate plastic film isolators were inoculated orally with single species of bacteria. Within an isolator, half the birds were fed unmedicated feed and half received feed containing 100 ppm monensin. With clostridium perfringens as the established species of monoflora, bacterial counts from the duodenum were 10(4) times lower and counts from the ceca were three times lower in monensin-fed birds compared to unmedicated birds. Infection with Eimeria tenella stimulated an eight-fold increase in the numbers of C. perfringens in the ceca of unmedicated birds but no increase in monensin-fed birds. With Bacteroides sp. or Streptococcus faecalis as monoflora, there was no difference in the cecal or duodenal populations between medicated and unmedicated birds uninfected with coccidia. In contrast to C. perfringens, populations of Bacteroides sp. and S. faecalis in the ceca decreased five to 100-fold in both medicated and unmedicated chicks after infection with E. tenella. Duodenal populations of C. perfringens, Bacteroides sp., and S. faecalis were unaffected by the coccidial infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of arprinocid against coccidiosis of broilers in battery and floor-pen trials.

Medication of broilers with arprinocid [9-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenylmethyl)-9H-purine-6-amine] gave protection against the effects of coccidiosis in both battery and floor-pen trials. In battery trials, efficacy was tested on single-species inoculations of Eimeria acervulina, E. mivati, E. necatrix, E. maxima, E. Brunetti, and E. tenella. Two strains of each species recently recovered from the field, were tested separately. In floor-pen trials, all six species, both field and laboratory strains, were used as a mixed infection. In batteries, 60 and 70 ppm essentially eliminated coccidiosis-induced mortality and weight depression. Effects of 50 ppm on weight gain were variable. The effectiveness of different medication levels varied between strains within a species. In floor-pen trials, 40, 60, or 80 ppm was effective in controlling mortality and weight depression, and increasing feel-conversion ratios. All levels were significantly as effective as monensin in protecting against coccidiosis. With severe exposure to coccidia, 60 and 80 ppm gave significantly lower lesion socres than did 40 ppm of arprinocid or 120 ppm monensin.

Adenine↗