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Biomedical subjects

D Cox

Publications and source records attributed to D Cox.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Implementing a short-term family support group.

1. Although family involvement has been increasingly recognized as a vital component in the treatment and care of the mentally ill, little has been written about efforts to provide education and support to the families of patients hospitalized for short-term evaluation and treatment. 2. The family education and support group provided emotional support and critical information to increase family members' coping and problem solving abilities, and enabled them to return to a pre-crisis or higher level of functioning. 3. The family education and support group not only enhances the assessment and planning phases of the nursing process, but it also can serve as a useful intervention for strengthening the patient's major support system.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Effects of coumarins, haematoporphyrins and acridine orange on the viability and growth of Landshütz ascites tumour cells, in the presence and absence of photoradiation.

The effects of haematoporphyrin (Hp), haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), coumarin, 7-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, amino-methyl-coumarin acetic acid and acridine orange, with and without photoradiation, on Landschutz ascites tumour (LAT) cells were examined. Hp, HpD and acridine orange showed a significant effect on LAT cell viability following photoradiation. However, coumarin or its derivatives had no significant effect on LAT cell viability, with or without photoradiation, over 18 h. Coumarin alone had a significant effect on viability of LAT cells, in vitro, over a period of 9 days. This effect was verified by transplantability studies. Coumarin and 7-hydroxycoumarin both exhibited cytostatic effects on LAT cell growth.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of the immunosuppressive properties of milk growth factor and transforming growth factors beta 1 and beta 2.

The effects of the newly isolated bovine milk growth factor (MGF) which shows N-terminal homology to transforming growth factor beta 2 were compared with the effects of porcine transforming growth factor beta 1 and beta 2 (pTGF-beta 1 and -beta 2) on human T lymphocyte activation. Freshly isolated human PBMC were stimulated with either PHA, anti-CD3 + phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), or with a combination of ionomycin + PDBu. MGF, pTGF-beta 1, and pTGF-beta 2 decreased mitogen-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation by 30 to 75% in a dose-dependent manner. The maximum degree of inhibition was obtained at 1 ng/ml (40 pM) and could not be increased by increasing the concentration of teh transforming growth factor 10-fold. Stimulation of fresh T cells with the recall Ag tetanus toxoid was also inhibited (85%) by MGF at pM concentrations as was the proliferation of a human T cell clone specific for purified protein derivative. The effects of MGF and pTGF-beta 1 on anti-CD3-mediated increase of intracellular Ca2+ (Cai2+) was investigated by using the Fura-2 method. Neither MGF nor pTGF-beta 1 inhibited this increase in Cai2+ induced by a mitogenic concentration of anti-CD3 antibody. In order to determine whether TGF-beta preferentially inhibited the CD4+ or CD8+ subpopulation of human T cells, a limiting dilution analysis system, which allows every T cell to proliferate, was used. pTGF-beta 1 at a concentration of 5 ng/ml decreased the frequency of proliferating T cell precursors of both the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets to a similar extent. Furthermore, MGF, pTGF-beta 1, and pTGF-beta 2 also decreased IL-2 mediated [3H]thymidine incorporation into human PBL Con A blasts and the IL-4-mediated [3H]thymidine incorporation of purified T lymphocytes costimulated with PDBu by 70%. In conclusion, bovine MGF exerts suppressive effects on human T cells stimulated with Ag, mitogens, or interleukins, and the degree of T cell suppression is similar (or identical) to those of pTGF-beta 1 or -beta 2.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Transforming growth factors beta 1 and beta 2 as well as milk growth factor decrease anti-CD3-induced proliferation of human lymphocytes without inhibiting the anti-CD3-mediated increase of [Ca2+]i and the activation of protein kinase C.

Porcine transforming growth factor 1 and 2 (pTGF-beta 1 and -beta 2) and milk growth factor (MGF) at 1 ng/ml significantly inhibited the proliferation of human lymphocytes induced by anti-CD3 antibodies. In contrast, the anti-CD3-mediated increase of intracellular Ca2+ and the activation and translocation of protein kinase C were not affected by the transforming growth factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The rarity of liver toxicity in patients treated with coumarin (1,2-benzopyrone).

1. Two thousand, one hundred and seventy-three patients with cancer or chronic infections were treated with coumarin in a clinical trial. 2. 0.37% of these patients developed elevated liver enzyme levels during therapy with coumarin. 3. This hepatitis was probably a form of idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and may have been immune in origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a new system for self blood glucose monitoring.

A new combination reflectance meter/visually interpretable system (Glucometer II/Glucostix, Ames Division, Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, IN) has been designed for self blood glucose monitoring. Performance evaluation of this system demonstrates a linear relationship between meter-determined blood glucose values and laboratory-determined whole blood glucose values (y = 0.95x + 2.86, r = 0.97). In addition, 95% of visually interpreted blood glucose values are within one color block of YSI comparative values. Error grid analysis, a new method for determining the clinical accuracy of patient-determined blood glucose results, demonstrated that components of this new system produce clinically accurate blood glucose results.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1988

Investigation of the spontaneous modes of breathing of different ventilators.

We investigated six ventilator systems which were designed to allow spontaneous breathing. The time delay between initiation of inspiratory effort and the beginning of inspiratory gas flow was measured, as was the amount of negative (to ambient) pressure generated in the airway needed to produce the gas flow. We found that the flow-by program of the Puritan-Bennett 7200 caused minimal time delay and virtually no negative pressure was required to instigate gas flow. This should be contrasted with the other ventilator systems, which caused significant delay and inspiratory effort and hence increased work of breathing.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Infection surveillance in cardiac transplantation.

Infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiac transplantation. There is little information describing screening and prospective surveillance of heart recipients. We describe a surveillance program that was used for 35 patients, which screens and follows recipients through serologic, virologic, and immunologic parameters. Pretransplantation surveillance identified four (11.4%) patients whose skin tests with purified protein derivative (PPD) were positive, one patient with giardiasis, and seven (20%) recipients who were susceptible to cytomegalovirus (CMV). Twelve (34.3%) patients had CMV infections, only one of which was primary and involved a seropositive donor. The low rate of primary infection (14%) may result from our use of CMV-negative blood products. Seven (20%) recipients who were seronegative for toxoplasmosis received seropositive hearts, and disseminated toxoplasmosis developed in one of them. Eight (22.8%) patients had asymptomatic significant increases in Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers, without evidence of lymphoma. Fifteen (42.8%) recipients had at least one herpes simplex virus reactivation. Preventive, diagnostic, and early therapeutic interventions should occur as a result of infection surveillance, thus leading to a reduced risk of infection during the period after cardiac transplantation.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1988

Stability of reacted Chemstrip bG.

Reacted Chemstrip bG glucose reagent strips have been reported to retain their color changes for up to 7 days. Thus, patients could theoretically measure their blood glucose and mail their reacted test strips to their physicians for reanalysis. To test the stability of reacted Chemstrip bG blood glucose measurements, 268 Chemstrip bG test strips were reacted with blood obtained from 67 insulin-dependent diabetic patients, stored in desiccator vials, and read daily for 5 consecutive days with an Accu-Chek II blood glucose meter. Although Chemstrip bG blood glucose values significantly correlated with initial reference Beckman glucose analyzer glucose determinations for all 5 days, a steady significant decay in blood glucose readings over time was observed, and clinically accurate strip readings declined from 94% to 68%. Because this decay appeared consistent, correction factors were calculated with regression analyses. The correction factor for day 5 Accu-Chek II readings reduced measurement error by 77%. When applied to a different validation sample, this correction factor decreased day 5 error by 73%. Hence, it seems that correction factors may be applied to delayed readings of Chemstrips obtained with Accu-Chek II that would correct for the observed reduction in blood glucose readings. From these results, we conclude that delayed readings of Chemstrip bG test strips with the Accu-Chek II are not sufficiently accurate for clinical decision making or research purposes unless mathematically corrected.

Blood Glucose↗