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Biomedical subjects

D Couturier

Publications and source records attributed to D Couturier.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Measurement of colonic transit time: description and validation of a new method].

The method described by Arhan et al. for measuring colon mean transit time requires plain films of the abdomen during 7 consecutive days (0.007 Gy). A new method is described for measuring the mean segmental transit time of radio opaque markers through the human colon which aims at decreasing ray exposure. While on a diet containing 20 g of bran, a dose of 20 markers was given to the subject for three consecutive days (D1, D2, D3) at the same hours. Each dose of markers was of different shape. A plain film of the abdomen was taken at D4, D7, D10 at the same time as the ingestion of the markers. The first X ray demonstrated the number of markers at 24, 48, 72 h simultaneously and so on from 96 to 216 h for the X ray taken at D7 and D10. Mean transit time in the right, left, rectosigmoid and the whole colon was measured in 22 volunteers and was respectively 6.9 h, 9.1 h, 18.4 h, 34.4 h. The upper limit of the mean transit time (m + 2 SD) was respectively 24 h, 30 h, 44 h, 67 h in the right, left, rectosigmoid and the whole colon. This method has been validated in 20 subjects (10 volunteers and 10 constipated patients) by comparing the mean segmental transit time with the mean segmental transit time measured by the method of Arhan et al. This new method could allow to explore patients with idiopathic constipation more frequently and to better assess the treatment of constipation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Nifedipine and esophageal dysfunction in progressive systemic sclerosis. A controlled manometric study.

We evaluated the effect of the calcium channel blocking agent, nifedipine, on esophageal dysfunction in 15 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis, using a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled manometric study. Nifedipine significantly decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure in these patients; this reduced lower esophageal sphincter pressure may cause gastroesophageal reflux. Thus, nifedipine may have detrimental effects on progressive systemic sclerosis patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Adenine arabinoside: hope in the treatment of chronic virus B hepatitis].

Five patients presenting with HBs Ag and HBe Ag-positive chronic hepatitis were treated with adenosine arabinoside (Vidarabine) in doses of 15 mg/kg/day. The drug was administered by intravenous infusion in 2 series of 5 infusions each separated by 2-day intervals. Two patients had a second course 4 months after the first one. There were no clinical or biochemical adverse reactions. Following treatment, serum transaminase levels returned to normal. All patients became HB Ag-negative, with presence of anti-HBe antibody in three; two patients became HBs Ag-negative, with presence of anti-HBs antibody in one. Although very short, this series should encourage further therapeutic studies, including a controlled, randomized trial in a large number of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Human chromosome analysis in 24 cases of primary carcinoma of the large intestine: contribution of the G-banding technique.

As in the haemopathies, the application of cytogenetics to epithelial cancers could aid in the study of their pathogenesis evaluation. In this context we performed chromosome analyses on a series of human colo-rectal cancers. The technique was consistently reliable since the modal number of chromosomes could be determined in all 24 cases. In 22, karyotypes could also be established. Each tumour was characterized by a single cell clone in 21 cases and by a mosaic of 2 populations in 3 cases. Numerical anomalies were not due to chance: they enabled near-diploid (11 cases), near-triploid (9 cases), mosaic (3 cases) and highly polyploid (1 case) cancers to be distinguished. Supernumerary chromosomes were primarily in groups C and F. The most frequent markers before denaturation techniques were No 2q +, No F and minutes. Each time double-minutes were observed (5 cases), they were in invasive cancers (B and C Dukes classification). Cells were generally diploid in non-invasive cancers with fewer quantitative and structural anomalies. Tumour cytogenetics were related to the histological type and localization in the colon, as well as to the local and metastatic spread.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Inhibition of gastric electrical and mechanical activity by intraduodenal agents in pigs and the effects of vagotomy.

Miniature pigs were chronically implanted with gastric electrodes, strain gauge devices allowing the measurement of circular contractions in the antrum and body of the stomach, and with a duodenal catheter through which duodenal infusions were administered. Inhibition of gastric motility by intraduodenal agents was measured before and after truncal vagotomy in conscious animals 20 min after feeding of a normal meal. The agents infused in the duodenum (10 ml/min, 4 min), were: HCl 75 mEq/l(A), glucose 100 g/l(G), olive oil 10% pH 7(L), amino acids (AA) and saline. Before vagotomy, motor activity during the first 5 min was inhibited 50-80% with respect to basal levels; the duration of action was G No. L greater than A; AA had very little effect, and saline no effect. Inhibition was on the whole similar in the antrum and gastric body. After vagotomy, the inhibitory effect of A was reduced from 80 to 20% in the antrum, and completely suppressed in the gastric body. Inhibitory effects of G and L were completely suppressed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

Patterns of gastric electrical and motor activity in miniature pigs.

Gastric myoelectrical and mechanical activity was recorded in miniature pigs using chronically implanted electrodes and strain gauge force transducers. Semiautomated methods were devised to obtain quantitative evaluations of the electrical and mechanical parameters measured in fasted and fed animals. The patterns of gastric myoelectrical activity in pigs were, on the whole, similar to the patterns described in dogs, including regular cyclic control activity and spike response activity associated with muscle contraction. However, several points were peculiar to the species studied: conduction velocity of pacesetter potentials increased only moderately in the antrum; tachygastria never occurred in the experiments; in response to a standard meal, the frequency of pacesetter potentials gradually increased; mechanical activity proceeded at its maximal force immediately after feeding and for a long period; no evidence of 'migrating electrical complexes' was found in the stomach during fasting. The 40-min period following administration of a test meal appeared especially suitable for pharmacological or physiological experiments in which inhibitory factors are to be tested on the stomach.

Animals↗