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Biomedical subjects

D Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to D Cooper.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Symptoms analysis for the diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of an analysis of symptoms alone for the diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence. DESIGN: A comparison of results of symptoms analysis with urodynamic findings. SETTING: A gynaecological video-urodynamic unit. SUBJECTS: 252 consecutive patients referred for urodynamic investigations. INTERVENTIONS: A questionnaire of 20 symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction, midstream specimen of urine, pad testing, uroflowmetry, and video-cystourethrography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using the urodynamic diagnosis as the 'gold standard', the accuracy of discriminant function analysis of symptoms was determined. RESULTS: Symptoms analysis achieved a correct classification of 81% with a false positive rate of 16%. Use of an accumulative probability curve defines patients who fall into the equivocal range. CONCLUSIONS: All women presenting with incontinence should undergo preoperative urodynamic studies.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Doppler investigation of uteroplacental blood flow resistance in the second trimester: a screening study for pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the screening properties of a mid-trimester uteroplacental Doppler scan in a normal unselected population. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study measuring an averaged resistance index (AVRI) from four sites (left and right uterine and arcuate arteries) with continuous wave Doppler ultrasound. SETTING: Routine booking ultrasound, King's College Hospital, London. SUBJECTS: 977 women at 16-24 weeks gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intrauterine death, birthweight, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), antepartum haemorrhage. RESULTS: There was a 96.5% follow-up. Pregnancies with high AVRI values had a higher prevalence of proteinuric hypertension, placental abruption, small-for-gestational-age babies, and fetal loss. When AVRI was greater than 95th centile, the overall risk of pregnancy complications was 67%, and the risk of a severe complication was 25%. However, the sensitivity of the test for these complications was only 13% and 21% respectively. The risk for an individual woman with a high AVRI of developing a complication was increased by up to 9.8 times. CONCLUSION: Although Doppler screening does detect a unifying defect leading to perinatal death, pre-eclampsia, growth retardation and placental abruption, the predictive values do not yet justify its introduction as a routine test.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Screening for alcoholism in a psychiatric hospital.

The prevalence of alcoholism is generally underestimated in patients in private practices, general hospitals and psychiatric institutions. Even though the World Health Organization has advocated the concurrent use of laboratory test results and questionnaires for screening, these methods are seldom used together. In this study, patients admitted consecutively to the North Bay Psychiatric Hospital were screened for alcoholism using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and gamma-glutamyl-transferase plasma level. Unexpectedly, 56.7% of the entire sample were identified as possible alcoholics; of these, 73.5% were men and 26.5% were women. When rates for men and women were looked at separately, it was found that 66.2% of the men and 40.6% of the women were alcoholic. Participants who tested positive on one or both of the screening tests were offered a more complete evaluation of their drinking behaviour. A diagnosis of alcoholism was confirmed in 88.2% of the patients who agreed to participate further. The question remains whether the high prevalence rates found are a function of the particular sample studied (i.e., patients in a hospital which typically serves a socially disadvantaged sector of the population) or reflects a feature of the general population in this catchment area. A study is currently underway in general hospitals of North Eastern Ontario in an attempt to answer this question.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Factor structure of the Edwards personal preference schedule in a vocational rehabilitation sample.

The 15 scales of the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule were factor analyzed for 450 male and 89 female vocational rehabilitation clients in order to compare results by gender as well as combining them to compare with the college norming data in the EPPS manual. Correlations and factors were similar in many ways when the combined sample and norm samples were compared, but larger and consistent differences between the study scores suggest that separate norms are justified and that norm tables need to be revised.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Offense type and two-point MMPI code profiles: discriminating between violent and nonviolent offenders.

Offense data and MMPI profiles were examined for 67 men who had been remanded by the courts to a psychiatric hospital forensic unit for pretrial assessment. They were classified as violent or nonviolent offenders based upon the nature of their offenses. Violent offenders were those charged with assault, robbery, sexual assault, and all degrees of homicide. Nonviolent offenders were those charged with break, enter and commit, uttering threats, and fraud. The controversial issue of two-point MMPI code types (4-3, 4-8/8-4) was addressed. Neither of these commonly employed two-point types successfully discriminated between violent and nonviolent offenders.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1990

The relationship between plasma estradiol and the increase in bone density in postmenopausal women after treatment with subcutaneous hormone implants.

Twenty-three postmenopausal women with a median of 2 years past menopause (range, 1 to 12 years) and a median age of 52 years (range, 39 to 62 years) were recruited to participate in a longitudinal study designed to investigate the factors that influence the increase in bone density with subcutaneous estradiol and testosterone implants. All women received 75 mg of estradiol with 100 mg testosterone subcutaneously. Bone density was measured at the spine and hip by dual-photon absorptiometry before therapy and after 1 year of subcutaneous hormonal therapy. The mean pretreatment bone density at the lumber vertebrae and neck of the femur was 0.84 grams of hydroxyapatite per square centimeter (SD, 0.11) and 0.73 grams of hydroxyapatite per square centimeter (SD, 0.10), respectively. The bone density at both sites increased with values of 0.91 grams of hydroxyapatite per square centimeter (SD, 0.11) and 0.75 grams of hydroxyapatite per square centimeter (SD, 0.11), respectively. These values represent an increase of 8.3% (p less than 0.0001) at the spine and 2.8% (p less than 0.01) at the neck of the femur. The plasma estradiol level increased from a median of 80.5 pmol/L to 453 pmol/L (p less than 0.001). The percentage increase of vertebral bone density was not related to age, number of years past the menopause, pretreatment bone density, or serum testosterone levels, but a significant correlation was found between the percentage increase in bone density at the spine and the serum estradiol level (p less than 0.02, r = 0.45).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Decreased in vitro susceptibility to zidovudine of HIV isolates obtained from patients with AIDS.

This study tested isolates of human immunodeficiency virus, obtained before and after zidovudine therapy from 10 patients, for susceptibility to the drug in vitro. The isolates collected after therapy were less susceptible to zidovudine as assessed by replication in MT-2 cells and production of reverse transcriptase activity by infected mononuclear leucocytes in the presence of the drug. Furthermore, pretherapy isolates were sensitive to a range of zidovudine concentrations when 100% inhibition was used as the end point. The loss of zidovudine susceptibility did not correlate with any clinical or virologic consequences in this small group of patients.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Practice of breast self-examination and the treatment of primary breast cancer.

Past experience of breast self-examination (BSE), family history of breast cancer, method of detection of the tumour, tumour size, node status, tumour attachment and type of treatment used for primary breast cancer, were surveyed on a sample of 117 female breast cancer patients diagnosed in Tasmania during May 1986-June 1987. Family history of breast cancer was associated with higher levels of BSE practice. Three-monthly or more frequent BSE in the year prior to diagnosis was associated with smaller tumours at presentation and less axillary node involvement. Breast-conserving surgery was utilized in 38% of all cases treated, and 84% of these patients received radiotherapy as part of primary treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The treatment of detrusor instability in post-menopausal women with oxybutynin chloride: a double blind placebo controlled study.

Idiopathic detrusor instability is a common cause of incontinence in the elderly for which anticholinergic agents are regularly prescribed. Oxybutynin chloride combines anticholinergic action with direct muscle relaxant properties. We performed a double blind placebo controlled fixed dose cross over study of oxybutynin chloride in post-menopausal women suffering from detrusor instability. We found oxybutynin chloride significantly more effective than placebo at reducing the symptoms of urgency and urge incontinence and more effective at reducing the height of the highest unstable detrusor contraction. This was at the expense of an increased residual urine and considerable side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Psychometric study of forms A and B of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scale.

Forms A and B of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scales were included in a battery of preworkshop measures at a program on back care for staff at a psychiatric hospital (N = 82). Lack of extensive reports regarding alternate-form reliability of the health forms led to this study. Factor analytic results, item-by-item correlations, alpha coefficients, and Pearson correlations between forms are reported. Through these procedures the authors found discrepancies between Forms A and B, particularly for Scale P.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Scoliosis associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

This study evaluated the age-related and ambulation-related incidence of scoliosis among boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and the relationship between wheelchair dependency and scoliosis. Charts of 88 DMD boys were reviewed retrospectively. The relationships between age and both wheelchair dependency and scoliosis were graphed as cumulative distributions with increasing patient age. The relationship between ambulation status and scoliosis was analyzed with a stepwise series of chi square analyses, assuming increasing time intervals between wheelchair dependency and scoliosis. Wheelchair dependency and scoliosis were both age-related phenomena. The relationship between ambulation status and scoliosis became significant only after 3.5 years of wheelchair dependency. It should be noted that 24% of boys with scoliosis developed their curves before cessation of ambulation. While development of scoliosis among DMD boys is clearly an age-related phenomenon, its previously assumed relationship to ambulation requires reevaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Six clustering algorithms applied to the WAIS-R: the problem of dissimilar cluster results.

Clusterings of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised subtests were obtained from the application of six hierarchical clustering methods (N = 113). These sets of clusters were compared for similarities using the Rand index. The calculated indices suggested similarities of cluster group membership between the Complete Linkage and Centroid methods; Complete Linkage and Ward's methods; Centroid and Ward's methods; and Single Linkage and Average Linkage Between Groups methods. Cautious use of single clustering methods is implied, though the authors suggest some advantages of knowing specific similarities and differences. If between-method comparisons consistently reveal similar cluster membership, a choice could be made from those algorithms that tend to produce similar partitions, thereby enhancing cluster interpretation.

Accidents, Traffic↗