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Biomedical subjects

D Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to D Cohen.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Identification of the problems: proceedings of the WHO Expert Consultation on Some Veterinary Public Health Problems.

The growing development of intensive large-scale animal production units has become an essential and unavoidable trend in both the socialist and non-socialist agro-industries. This in turn has led to an increase in the risks to human and animal health because of the unique characteristics of these units. From the public health point of view surveillance should focus on four major areas: 1) the zoonoses; 2) chemical residues; 3) environmental pollution; 4) occupational diseases. The paper elaborates on these points and discusses practical action to be taken at the planning level to minimize the health risks.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1977

Usher's syndrome: electrophysiological tests of the visual and auditory systems.

The symptoms of Usher's syndrome - congenital hearing impairment and tapetoretinal dystrophy - are difficult to detect in young children. The electroretinogram (ERG), visual evoked potential (VEP), auditory nerve and brain-stem responses as well as the cochlear microphonic potentials were used to evaluate the defects of the visual and auditory systems in 20 patients, 3-45 years of age. This study demonstrates the usefulness, reliability and convenience of the electrophysiological tests for early diagnosis and functional evaluation of Usher's syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Retinal blood flow derived from dye dilution curves: Televised fluorescein angiography.

A television system was used to record retinal fluorescein dilution curves. In pigs, fluorescein was injected intravenously (IV), into the left ventricle (ILV), and ILV during bilateral carotid occlusion (ILVco). Dye dilution curves from points on a retinal-artery-vein pair, from two points on a single artery, and from two points on a single vein were recorded by a storage oscilloscope, using two photodetectors positioned over the television image of the vessels. Dye curves were less dispersed following ILV than following IV injections, and were irregular following ILVco injection. The dye appearance time was shortest after injection with ILV and progressively longer with ILVco and IV. The artery-vein mean transit time was greatest during carotid occlusion. Retinal blood flow in a venous segment was calculated to be 0.149 +/- 0.037 mi/min. This value was reproducible following both IV and ILV injections but could not be obtained following ILVco due to irregularity of the curves. It was in the same range as that found (0.095 +/- 0.011 ml/min), using the radioactively labeled microsphere technique. The system was subsequently tested in humans and was found to give reproducible dye curves. The usefulness of the system as a clinical tool is presently being explored.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Behavioral-immunologic relationships in older men and women.

Serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgA and IgM) and intellectual performance were examined in a group of fourteen elderly men (mean age 74.2) and twenty-three women (mean age 73.2) who reported that they were in good health. Significant negative Pearson product-moment correlations between performance and IgG and IgA emerged for men. Among women the relationship was not significant.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

The organization of spatial abilities in older men and women.

The objective of this study was to test the cognitive identity of older male and female populations with reference to raw score, component structure, and component score measures of spatial and verbal performance. One hundred women (average age, 70.2) and 96 men (average age, 69.0) were administered three verbal and six nonverbal congnitive subtests. The equivalence of four-factor principal component analyses of the male and female correlation matrices, corrected for restriction of range, were tested with the multiple group method of factor analysis. High coefficients of congruence for the three spatial and single verbal factors argue strongly for similar congnitive structures. Multivariate analysis of the factor scores, however, showed a significant mean difference between the older men and women. But when Jöreskog's procedures are applied to test the equivalence of covariance structures, the best fit was obtained for a model involving equivalence of factor means, factor structure, factor coefficients and factor correlations.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Sex differences in overt personality patterns in older men and women.

A population of 118 older persons, 59--90 years of age, completed an adaptation of the short version of the Bortner rating scale. The seven scales and a total score were analyzed in separate 2 (sex) X 2 (age) analyses of variance to examine sex and age differences in overt personality patterns in men and women under and over the age of 70. Although the results in no way presume to characterize these older persons as prototype A-B personalities, for theoretical reasons, the women reflected significantly stronger pattern A behavior than the men regardless of age. The Bortner scale appears to offer a crude but effective measure of overt "Type Active" behavior -- aggressiveness, expressiveness, and time-conscious activity -- which is consistent with reports of sex differences in intrapsychic and psychosocial adaptive measures of personality. The lack of any main effect due to age is also in line with previous reports that age appears to be a significant variable in internal personality processes rather than external or overt aspects of personality.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1977

Cardiovascular disease history and behavior patterns.

Type A behavior has not been studied as a developmental behavior process in older persons. This study examined the relationship between ratings of overt behavior patterns and cardiovascular health history in 60 men and 58 women, 59 to 90 yr. of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Extrahepatic portal hypertension--long-term results.

This report reviews 164 cases derived from 2 Australian and 3 U.S. centres. There were 128 direct operations and 63 shunts. There were 16 deaths (10% mortality) but 3 were due to unrelated causes. Direct procedures; In the long term these appear of little value. 37 of 48 children having splenectomy subsequently rebled. Almost all children having ligation of varices and direct operations on the stomach rebled subsequently. Acute bleeding can almost always be controlled by conservative measures and direct operations would appear to offer no benefit over non-operative management except in the occasional case of catastrophic management that cannot be controlled conservatively. Shunts; A properly performed decompressive shunt offers the best hope of long term control for bleeding varices. Meso-caval shunts seem to give somewhat better results than splenorenal shunts. About two-thirds of the patients undergoing shunts remain free of any further bleeding. Non-operative management; 27 children have had no surgery performed and all are alive except for one child who subsequently died in a railroad accident. Bleeding episodes become less frequent after the age of 15 years and there are a number of reasons for this including the progressive development of natural shunts. We are not aware of any deaths or major complications from hypersplenism. Growth and development of all children in this series has been normal, although other have commented on a significant incidence of encephalopathy. Conclusions; 1. GIT bleeding becomes progressively less after the age of 15 years. 2. Direct operations have little place in treatment. 3. Decompressive shunts are the most effective method of controlling continuing bleeding but require a shunt of at least 1 cm diameter. 4. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism are not serious problems. 5. One can anticipate the progressive development of natural shunts. 6. Splenectomy should be avoided in this disease unless accompanied by a shunt.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Tricyclic antidepressant drugs as antagonists of muscarinic receptors in sympathetic ganglia.

Close arterial injection of McN-A-343 into the superior cervical ganglion of the cat resulted in contractions of the nictitating membrane. The ganglionic effects of McN-A-343 but not those of DMPP were antagonized in a dose-related manner by 2-10 mug of desipramine, imipramine, chlorimpramine, iprindole and viloxazine. No correlation was found between the dose of each drug which blocked the effects of McN-A-343 and that required to potentiate the responses of the nictitating membrane to intra-arterial administration of noradrenaline. It is concluded that clinically effective antidepressant agents can block muscarinic receptors in neural tissue, even if they do not do so in smooth muscle and gland cells.

(4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethy↗