Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to D Cohen.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effect of the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine on the progression of chronic renal failure in man.

Patients with stable renal insufficiency were randomized into two groups: (1) patients given the channel blocker nisoldipine (n = 17) and (2) placebo-treated patients (n = 17) also taking their regular antihypertensive therapy which did not include calcium blockers. Patients were already on low protein diet with a protein intake of 0.80 +/- 0.2 in the nisoldipine group versus 0.85 +/- 0.25 g/kg body weight in the placebo-treated group. The monthly progression of their renal failure was assessed by the reciprocal of serum creatinine versus time in months. After a mean follow-up of 17.4 +/- 8.2 (range 6-30) months, the nisoldipine-treated group had a significant decrease in their slope of progression, whereas the placebo-treated patients, after 16.94 +/- 7.2 (range 6-30) months of follow-up, had no significant change in their slope. The protein intake during follow-up was similar, being 0.85 +/- 0.2 g/kg actual body weight in the nisoldipine-treated group and 0.88 +/- 0.26 g/kg in the placebo group. The changes in slope did not correlate with the changes in blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clomipramine, self-exposure and therapist-aided exposure for obsessive-compulsive rituals.

A randomised treatment design for 49 chronically obsessive-compulsive ritualising patients was devised and three controlled comparisons were made. 1. During 7 weeks of self-exposure instructions, clomipramine treatment improved some measures of rituals and depression significantly more than did placebo medication; this effect was transient and disappeared as drug treatment and exposure were continued for a further 15 weeks. 2. During 11-16 weeks of clomipramine treatment, self-exposure instructions yielded highly significantly more patient improvement than did anti-exposure instructions on nearly all measures of rituals and some of social adjustment. 3. Adding therapist-aided exposure (1.3 hours) to self-exposure instructions (3 hours) after 8 weeks had a barely significant transient effect of dubious clinical value, which was lost by the end of exposure (at week 23) and during follow-up assessments to week 52. We conclude that of the three therapeutic factors tested, self-exposure was the most potent; clomipramine played a limited adjuvant role, and therapist-aided exposure a marginal one.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease in patients with retinal ischemic syndromes.

The extracranial carotid systems of 105 patients with retinal ischemia were examined using B-mode ultrasonography with integrated pulsed Doppler. Sixty-four patients had amaurosis fugax (AF), 17 central retinal artery occlusions (CRAO), and 21 branch retinal artery occlusions (BRAO). The prevalence of carotid stenosis (greater than or equal to 60%) ipsilateral to the symptomatic eye was low (16%). Eighty-six percent of AF patients had either no plaque causing less than a 60% stenosis. A significant proportion of subjects with normal duplex scans had alternative explanations for their retinal ischemia (eg, migraine, cardiac embolus). Patients with Hollenhorst plaques were more likely to have stenotic or ulcerated plaque (p = 0.04). The degree of carotid stenosis correlated significantly with the number of vascular risk factors identified in individual patients (p = 0.02). The presence of risk factors was more common in CRAO and BRAO patients compared with the AF group. Combined ultrasound-Doppler investigations of the carotid bifurcation are valuable noninvasive tools for the screening of patients with retinal ischemia.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1988

[Benign intracranial hypertension and minocycline].

A 19 year-old woman complained of headache and nausea occurring while she was taking minocycline for acne. Examination showed bilateral papilloedema and a bilateral VIth nerve palsy. Symptoms and signs rapidly resolved after the drug was stopped. Benign intracranial hypertension due to tetracyclines is well known in infants. It is rare in adults. Its pathophysiology remains unknown. The role of vitamin A is inconsistent. Others biological factors or personal susceptibility could be involved.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1988

The control of hypertension and its effect on renal function in rat remnant kidney.

Blood pressure control and its influence on the rat remnant kidney function were studied. The deterioration in kidney function was followed for up to 20 weeks at 4-weekly intervals in four groups of 5/6th nephrectomised rats. The groups studied were: (1) Control, untreated (C), given normal rat chow containing 21% protein; (2) nisoldipine (a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker) treated (N), given nisoldipine freshly mixed daily in normal chow (0.3-0.6 mg/kg body weight); (3) dihydralazine-treated (H), fed normal chow and given dihydralazine added daily to the drinking water, about 15-25 mg/kg body weight daily; and (4) low-protein (6%) diet (LP), isocaloric and having the same sodium content as the normal chow. Proteinuria, serum creatinine, blood urea, histological damage as seen by light microscopy, and cumulative survival were taken to assess the severity of the chronic renal failure. All three therapeutic regimens attenuated significantly the rise in blood pressure which developed within less than 4 weeks in the rats with the remnant kidney. At the 16th week, means +/- standard deviations were, in group C, 237 +/- 20 mmHg; group N, 147 +/- 20 mmHg; group H, 164 +/- 23 mmHg; and group LP 149 +/- 16. Systolic blood pressure at the 8th week had a significant correlation with the serum creatinine of the 12th and of the 16th weeks. There was a strong correlation between blood pressure and the serum creatinine at the 16th week. This indicates that a time lag is necessary for the hypertension to have an effect on kidney function. Proteinuria, serum creatinine and blood urea were much higher in the untreated group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Dialysis during pregnancy in advanced chronic renal failure patients: outcome and progression.

Successful pregnancies in uremic women are rare. Early initiation of regular hemodialysis in pregnant moderately uremic women is debatable. We chose regular hemodialytic treatments in 2 pregnant patients with stable renal failure with the aim of improving fetal outcome. The first patient with reflux nephropathy arrived at our clinic in the 18th week of her second pregnancy, having a serum creatinine level of 4.5 mg/100 ml and a creatinine clearance (Ccr) of 15 ml/min. Regular hemodialysis was carried out from the 29th gestational week until delivery. A healthy female infant was born weighing 1,095 g at the end of the 36th week of pregnancy. The second patient had an immune complex nephritis with a serum creatinine of 4.2 mg/100 ml and a Ccr of 18 ml/min. Hemodialysis was performed regularly from the 13th gestational week until the 37th week and stopped when normal labor developed and a healthy female infant weighing 2,145 g was born. We believe that the early initiation of regular hemodialysis in these 2 patients contributed significantly to the successful outcome of their pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Independent association of T cell receptor beta and gamma chains with CD3 in the same cell.

We have demonstrated that the PEER cell line, which expresses a CD3-associated TCR gamma chain on the cell surface, synthesizes TCR beta chain intracellularly. A percentage of this TCR beta chain associates with the CD3 complex intracellularly. These results indicate that TCR beta and gamma chains can be synthesized by one cell line, and that these chains can independently associate with the CD3 complex. However, the results argue against the formation of TCR beta gamma chain complexes in this cell line.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1987

[Persistent hyperbilirubinemia after intrauterine intraperitoneal transfusions in 4 newborn infants. Role of intraperitoneal red cells present at birth].

Four neonates who had undergone intra-uterine peritoneal blood transfusions for Rhesus disease and hydrops fetalis presented, during the first days of life, with intractable hyperbilirubinemia in spite of multiple exchange transfusions. The hyperbilirubinemia was due to delayed absorption and hemolysis of peritoneal red cells. This unusual complication can be successfully managed with peritoneal lavage which should be performed when the antenatal history is contributive for low absorption of transfused blood.

Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine↗
PubMed1987

Human T cell gamma genes are frequently rearranged in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias but not in chronic B cell proliferations.

T cell rearranging gene gamma (TRG gamma) and T cell antigen receptor beta (TCR beta) chain gene rearrangement and transcription were studied in a series of patients with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in which the Ig H chain genes are rearranged and the surface phenotype reproduces the stages of normal pre-B maturation. For comparison, polyclonal T cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors and blast cells from 19 cases of T lineage ALL were also studied. In this study we demonstrate the presence of a clonal rearrangement of the TRG gamma in 18 of the 22 B-lineage ALL cases and establish that this rearrangement, which generally involves the J gamma 1 region, is often monoallelic and appears different from the biallelic J gamma 2 rearrangement frequently seen in T-cell ALLs. In 9 of 22 cases, we found rearrangement of the genes of the TCR beta chain, which never involved the J beta 1 region. Conversely, the TRG gamma were seen in germline configuration in all 19 cases of B chronic lymphoid malignancies. In none of the 9 AML cases studied was TRG gamma and TCR beta chain gene rearrangement found. The TCR beta chain genes were rearranged in one B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We also show that in B-lineage ALL, the cells probably use the same V gamma genes for TRG gamma rearrangements as the malignant cells in T-ALL and the polyclonal T cells. In none of the 13 B-lineage ALL cases investigated by Northern analysis was TCR beta mRNA expression detected, whereas a weak expression of TRG gamma transcripts was found in two of these cases. The correlations between surface phenotype, rearrangement of TRG gamma, TCR beta, and Ig H chain genes were analyzed. The significance of rearrangement of TRG gamma and TCR beta chain genes in B or pre-B cells is also discussed.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1987

Effect of protein restriction in insulin dependent diabetics at risk of nephropathy.

Persistent proteinuria is strongly associated with increased mortality in insulin dependent diabetes, and risk of this condition can be predicted many years in advance by subclinical increases in albumin excretion rate (microalbuminuria). Eight normotensive insulin dependent diabetics with microalbuminuria who had overnight albumin excretion rates of between 15 and 200 micrograms/min underwent a three week randomised crossover study of their normal protein diet (median 92 (range 55-117) g/day) and a low protein diet (47 (38-57) g/day). Both diets were isoenergetic, and the low protein diet was supplemented with calcium and phosphate. Median overnight albumin excretion rate fell from 23.0 (15.0-170.1) micrograms/min during the normal diet to 15.4 (4.1-97.8) micrograms/min during the low protein diet. No consistent change was found in urinary excretion of beta 2 microglobulin during the two diets. The reduction in albumin excretion rate was accompanied by a significant fall in median glomerular filtration rate and fractional renal clearance of albumin. Kidney volume remained unchanged. There were no significant changes in glycaemic control or arterial blood pressure. In these few patients restriction of dietary protein had a beneficial effect on microalbuminuria, independent of changes in glucose concentrations and arterial blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Interrelationship between metabolism of tritiated water, 22sodium and dry matter intake by beef cattle consuming wheat straw and poultry litter in free choice.

1. Metabolism of tritiated water and 22sodium was studied in six beef cows under Mediterranean summer conditions in order to find whether the turnover of these tracers can be used to evaluate pasture intake. 2. The diet of the cows included ad libitum access to two components which were given separately in different troughs: one was poultry litter and the other was wheat straw, to simulate the dry pasture. 3. Voluntary daily dry matter intake (111 g/kg0.75) was unexpectedly high considering the low digestibility of the feed. 4. The assumptions of constant ratios of water intake to water turnover and of dry matter intake to water intake were confirmed. Consequently, dry matter intake was determined accurately from water turnover measurements. 5. Sodium intake was practically equal to sodium turnover and most of the sodium secreted in feces was of endogenous origin. 6. Pasture intake can be predicted from sodium turnover once the concentration in feed and water consumed is known.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

Malignant external otitis versus acute external otitis.

Malignant External Otitis (MEO) and Acute External Otitis (AEO) are clinically very similar in their beginnings. It is important to differentiate between them very early. Bone scanning is the best diagnostic tool. Eight cases of AEO and MEO are herewith presented.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

The diagnostic criteria of malignant external otitis.

The diagnostic criteria of malignant external otitis (MEO) have been reviewed. They were divided into two categories: obligatory and occasional. The obligatory criteria are: pain, edema, exudate, granulations, microabscess (when operated), positive bone scan or failure of local treatment often more than 1 week, and possibly pseudomonas in culture. The occasional criteria are diabetes, cranial nerve involvement, positive radiograph, debilitating condition and old age. All of the obligatory criteria must be present in order to establish the diagnosis. The presence of occasional criteria alone does not establish it. The importance of Tc99 scan in detecting osteomyelitis is stressed. When bone scan is not available, a trial of 1-3 weeks of local treatment is suggested. Failure to respond to such treatment may assist in making the diagnosis of MEO.

Diagnosis, Differential↗