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Biomedical subjects

D Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to D Cohen.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Bipolar components for severe periacetabular bone loss around the failed total hip arthroplasty.

Twenty-seven patients had revision of a failed total hip arthroplasty using a bipolar component to replace the acetabulum. The procedure was done when periacetabular bone loss precluded stable fixation of the revision component to bone. In addition, three of the operations were done for recurrent dislocation in patients with severe medical problems. Significant component migration occurred in one case, and one patient required reoperation for dislocation in the early postoperative period. Functional results in these 27 patients were quite satisfactory; bone grafts reliably became consolidated to the host pelvis.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1990

Secretory otitis media with malignant external otitis.

Secretory otitis media (SOM) was found in six out of 12 patients with malignant external otitis (MEO). The condition caused hearing loss and the otoscopy showed the usual SOM formation. The fluid disappeared through a recovery stage of air bubbles in the middle ear. It is suggested that SOM is caused by medial penetration of MEO, resulting in infection of the eustachian tube. CT scanning supports this hypothesis.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Borderline cases of malignant external otitis.

The cases of four healthy people are presented; each suspected of having contracted malignant external otitis (MEO). In all four patients, the classic symptoms of MEO were present. In two cases, cautrimoxazole was administered orally; the other two patients did not receive any oral antibiotics. In each case, the disease took a benign course. It was concluded that MEO may occur in a wider, healthy population who overcome it quite easily, without recourse to antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

ELISA for Campylobacter jejuni antibodies in Israeli children with diarrhea and in healthy soldiers.

An ELISA test was employed to detect Campylobacter jejuni antibodies, using as antigen the glycine-HCl buffer extract of a local isolate. The antibody response (IgG, IgA and IgM) was examined in a group of 32 children (age 0-12 years) with C. jejuni enteritis diagnosed by the isolation of the agent. Controls were represented by two groups of children matched according to their age and sex: a) children with enteritis of unknown etiology, and b) healthy children. In addition, 66 healthy soldiers (aged 18-19), from whom serum specimens were collected during the first year of military service, were tested. The results indicated that the serodiagnosis of C. jejuni infection by ELISA is specific and sensitive regarding each Ig tested. The test for IgG was the most sensitive (72%) and that for IgM the most specific (100%). The healthy young adult soldiers showed significantly higher mean levels of IgG and IgA antibodies than the healthy children, suggesting that in Israel exposure to C. jejuni commonly occurs during early childhood. The ELISA for C. jejuni can improve the diagnosis of campylobacteriosis for clinical and epidemiological purposes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Doxycycline prophylaxis for shigellosis.

The efficacy of oral doxycycline, 100 mg/d for 14 days, in reducing the incidence of shigellosis in newcomers to an area hyperendemic for the disease was examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Of 107 entrants, 100 completed the study; 50 received the drug and 50 received a placebo. Diarrheal disease and associated symptoms were monitored for 8 weeks. Starting on the 3rd day of the trial, an outbreak was observed, and Shigella flexneri type 2a was isolated from 6 subjects. Eight of the subjects in the treatment group had diarrhea (16%) compared with 37 in the placebo group (74%), providing a 79% protection rate. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of accompanying symptoms between the subjects suffering from diarrhea in both groups, but the duration of disease was shorter in the treatment group. Serologic study of the outbreak showed no significant difference in antibody response to S flexneri between the treatment (14 of 43) and placebo (18 of 39) groups. Doxycycline prophylaxis apparently is effective and probably does not prevent subclinical infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Randomised study of myringotomy, amoxycillin/clavulanate, or both for acute otitis media in infants.

In a prospective study, 105 infants aged 3-12 months with acute otitis media were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: amoxycillin/clavulanate ('Augmentin') alone (36 patients), myringotomy plus placebo (35 patients), or augmentin plus myringotomy (34 patients). The last two groups were double-blinded. Bacterial pathogens, mainly Haemophilus influenzae (of which 20% were beta-lactamase producers) and Streptococcus pneumoniae, were isolated from 60% of the ear exudates and all isolates were sensitive to augmentin. Most of the infants improved clinically within 3-6 days irrespective of the treatment protocol. As judged by otoscopy, 60% of the patients receiving augmentin, with or without myringotomy, recovered completely compared with 23% of patients treated with myringotomy plus placebo. Treatment with augmentin was also more effective than myringotomy with regard to persistence of ear infection. In the myringotomy plus augmentin group closure of the incision and resolution of the discharge from the incision site was faster than in the myringotomy plus placebo group. The addition of myringotomy to augmentin did not seem to affect either the persistence of the infection after treatment or the residual middle ear effusion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Description of an epizootic and persistence of Streptococcus equi infections in horses.

The age-specific attack rates of Streptococcus equi infections of the upper respiratory tract and lymph nodes (strangles) in horses for the different age groups were 17.6% for broodmares, 47.5% for 1-year-old horses, and 37.5% for foals. Streptococcus equi was isolated from nasal, pharyngeal, or lymph node specimens in 31 (60.8%) of 51 sick horses. A male 1-year-old horse, shipped from Kentucky to farm A, was considered to be the index case. Six (19.4%) of 31 horses with strangles remained as shedders of S equi after clinical signs of the disease had ended. Shedders of S equi were not identified from horses that were exposed to infected horses but never developed strangles.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A novel monoclonal antibody, 1B3.1, binds to a new epitope of the VLA-1 molecule.

A monoclonal antibody, 1B3.1, was raised against a cloned IL-2-dependent T cell line that expresses the T gamma delta T cell receptor. MoAb 1B3.1 reacted with long-term cultured T cell lines of both T gamma delta and T alpha beta lineage, and with in vivo-stimulated T cells, derived from synovial fluid, but not with resting or short-term activated T cells, B cells, or macrophages. Immunoprecipitation of the 1B3.1 target antigens showed that 1B3.1 recognizes a 200/110 kDa molecule that is identical to the VLA-1 heterodimer precipitated by MoAb TS2/7. 1B3.1, however, binds to an epitope of VLA-1 that is distinct from the TS2/7 binding site. This new MoAb could be useful in further studies of the functions of VLA-1, and of the cells that express this molecule.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

Interstitial microwave hyperthermia combined with iridium-192 radiotherapy for recurrent tumors.

From 1985 through 1987, 44 tumors in 39 patients with recurrent cancer were treated with interstitial microwave hyperthermia (HT) combined with interstitial 192Ir radiotherapy (RT). All patients had unresectable and previously treated tumors (mean RT dose 57.6 Gy). Diagnoses were squamous cell carcinoma in 27 (62%), adenocarcinoma in 11 (25%), melanoma in 5 (11%), and soft tissue sarcoma in 1 (2%) site. Interstitial RT dose was from 25 to 50 Gy (mean 38.3 Gy). The first HT session was scheduled immediately before the loading of 192Ir, and the second was scheduled following its removal. Each session lasted 45-60 min at therapeutic temperature (42.5 degrees C). Complete response (CR) was obtained in 28 (64%) sites and partial response (PR) in 15 (34%) sites. None of the CR patients had local recurrence. Tumor volume was the most important factor influencing CR (p less than 0.001). The treated site, radiation dose, and thermal dose were not significant factors for CR (p = 0.03). The overall median survival was 39 weeks, with a 2-year survival of 22%. The treatment was well tolerated, with two patients developing focal skin necrosis.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Brain SPECT imaging with Tc-99m HM-PAO in Creutzfeld-Jakob disease.

A Tc-99m HM-PAO brain SPECT study of a patient with biopsy-proven Creutzfeld-Jakob disease demonstrated perfusion defects in the left frontal and right temporoparietal areas. A brain CT was normal. The clinical potential of this imaging modality in the evaluation of dementia is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The prevalence of middle ear pathologies in Jerusalem school children.

In the years 1984-85, 2,664 Jerusalem school children aged between 8 and 13 years were checked for middle ear pathologies. This pilot study was part of a preventive medicine project that was also on the alert for cases where hearing problems had led to academic underachievement. The children were checked at school by an otolaryngologist using a pneumatic otoscope. 1.5% of them suffered from secretory otitis media, 3% from attic retractions, 0.3% from chronic otitis media, and 0.07% from cholesteatoma. The total number of children who had middle ear pathologies was 132 (4.95%). In a parallel group of 2,486 children checked by the routine pass/fail portable audiometry test performed by a nurse, only 1% were found to have middle ear pathologies. According to these middle ear findings, we concluded that the vast majority of the pathologies can be detected by a simple tympanometry and we recommend routine audiometric and tympanometric examinations for school children in grades A and B, and a repeated tympanometry at age 10 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Immunoglobulin M, A, and G antibody response to lipopolysaccharide O antigen in symptomatic and asymptomatic Shigella infections.

The antilipopolysaccharide antibody response in sera obtained from subjects involved in 10 outbreaks of shigellosis occurring in Israeli military field units was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a passive hemagglutination test. Both tests were found to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of shigellosis. A significant antibody response was detected in 73 to 82% of the symptomatic and 48 to 60% of the asymptomatic subjects during the Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri outbreaks. Fifty percent of the symptomatic and none of the asymptomatic subjects showed a significant antibody response in the Shigella boydii outbreaks. An examination of the kinetics of the antibody levels over a 10-week period after the onset of disease revealed that immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were highest 2 weeks after infection and had declined to initial levels within 2.5 months. In contrast, IgG levels at the late convalescent stage were half those measured at early convalescence, still being about twice as high as the initial titers. Although the IgM levels showed a pattern similar to that of IgA, their elevation at the early convalescent stage was less pronounced. We conclude that the detection of an increase in the level of the IgA fraction appeared to be the best indicator for recent symptomatic, as well as symptomatic, infections due to Shigella organisms.

Adult↗