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Biomedical subjects

D Coggon

Publications and source records attributed to D Coggon.

183 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Trends in cancer morbidity in England and Wales.

The Office of Population Censuses and Surveys has recently published statistics relating to cancers first diagnosed in 1975. The data suggest a continuing increase in the incidence of laryngeal and bronchial carcinoma in women, malignant melanoma and testicular tumours, and a fall in the incidence of carcinoma of the lip in men. Some cancers, for example carcinoma of the oesophagus, stomach, prostate and lip, and malignant melanoma, show notable geographical variations in incidence. Carcinoma of the bladder, stomach, bronchus and (in women) larynx occur more frequently in conurbations, while rates for carcinoma of the prostate and lip are highest in rural areas. A number of interesting occupational associations emerge. Possible explanations for these and other trends are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology in risk management for chemicals.

Risk management is the process by which choices are made between alternative actions or policies according to the likelihood of beneficial or adverse outcomes. It entails an assessment of the potential risks and benefits associated with each possible option, and the application of value judgements to decide which option should be chosen. Informal risk management for chemicals, a distinction is made between hazard (a potential adverse effect of the substance) and risk (the probability that that a hazard will be realised given the circumstances and extent of exposure to the substance). Where there is uncertainty about the existence of a hazard or about the level of risk associated with an exposure, this must also be taken into account. Of the various measures of risk, the two that are most relevant to risk management are the individual attributable risk and the population attributable risk. Assessment of risk entails the identification and characterisation of hazards, and estimation of the risks associated with the exposure circumstances that will follow from different policy options. Examples are given of the way in which epidemiology can contribute to this process, and also to checking that the outcomes of decisions in risk management accord with what was predicted by underpinning risk assessments. The strengths and limitations of epidemiology as a tool in risk management are discussed.

Environmental Exposure↗