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Biomedical subjects

D Christie

Publications and source records attributed to D Christie.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Stroke in Melbourne. A study of the relationship between a teaching hospital and the community.

A prospective study of stroke admissions to the Royal Melbourne Hospital was planned to provide baseline information before the introduction of Medibank. One hundred and seventy patients admitted consecutively over a six-month period were followed until either three months had elapsed since admission, or death had supervened. Although over half the cases (57%) came from areas close to the hospital, the remainder come from a wide area embracing most of suburban Melbourne. Of the cases expected from the local areas, less than one-third were admitted to the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Expected demand for admission to hospital from the north-west region was calculated and the dependence of the community upon the private sector demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Early versus late stages of processing and their relation to functional hemispheric asymmetries in face recognition.

To determine whether perceptual asymmetries for faces occur at early or late stages of stimulus analysis, subjects compared the members of a pair of faces which appeared in the right or left visual field, either to each other or to a previously presented sample. The first two experiments established that manual reaction times were consistently shorter to left-field presentation only when test faces were compared for identity to a memorized sample (Experiment 2), but not when they were compared to each other (Experiment 1). By varying the interstimulus interval between the sample and test (Experiment 3), it was found that a consistent left-field superiority was absent for at least the first 50 msec following sample offset, suggesting that during that time both hemispheres have access to a short-lived, visual trace that represents the results of the early, precategorical processing stages. Beyond 100 msec, or earlier if the trace is degraded by a masking field (Experiment 4), a left-field advantage is observed. Experiment 5 showed that higher order comparisons between photographs and caricatures yield a left-field superiority even in a memory-free situation. Together, the results indicate only higher order processes, such as are needed to maintain a relatively permanent memory representation or to compare caricatures with photographs, require the specialized functions peculiar to the right hemisphere. Lower-order, precategorical processes seem to be common to both hemispheres.

Cognition↗
PubMed1976

Rationalisation of hospital services for stroke patients.

Over a six month period, the Royal Melbourne Hospital admitted 25% of the stroke patients expected from the north-west region of Melbourne. When the private sector and Mount Royal Hospital were included, a total of 57% of expected demand was met by the hospital services of the region. The natural history of stroke in in hospital consisted of an early "active" phase with a high death rate and a high investigation rate. Three weeks after admission this activity had largely subsided and it is suggested that the acute general hospital was no longer providing the most appropriate care. Transfer of patients with stroke three weeks after admission to a lower cost care situation with more appropriate use of staff would enable the Royal Melbourne Hospital to meet the demand for hospitalisation from its region.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Radiologic heart volume from 100 mm photofluorograms.

Radiologic heart volume could be calculated in 1 188 (94%) of a sample of 1 263 male civil servants over the age of 40. The chest films were taken under the conditions of massminiture radiography with no subject preparation and an unmodified Odelca 100 mm unit. Estimates of observer variability are reported an 'normal values' for a free-living population given. A method of calculating a correction factor for image magnification and subsequent reduction in size is described, and evidence presented that each Odelca unit has a unique correction factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Spleen cell-mediated cytotoxicity of hamster cells transformed by Herpes simplex virus: evidence for virus-specific membrane antigen.

The nature of the host's immune response to isografts of hamster embryo fibroblasts (HEF) transformed by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was investigated by the microcytotoxicity assay. It was found that spleen cells from tumor-bearing hamsters killed homologous tumor cells but not HEF transformed by cytomegalovirus or PARA-(defective SV40)-adenovirus 7 (PARA-7). Cytotoxicity was lost as the tumor increased in size. Spleen cells from animals bearing isografts of HSV type 2 (HSV-2) transformed cells also killed HSV-1 target cells whereas spleen cells from PARA-7 tumor bearers did not. Further studies showed that animals immunized with HSV-1 or HSV-1-infected rabbit kidney cells produced spleen cells specifically cytotoxic for HSV-transformed cells. On the other hand, sera from virus-immunized hosts or tumor bearers had no effect on the cells in the presence of guinea pig complement. However, in blocking experiments such sera could significantly reduce spleen cell cytotoxicity. These experiments established that cells transformed by HSV could elicit a cellular immune response in the syngeneic host, and provided evidence that the immunity was directed against virus-specific antigens on the cell surface.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Peripherally inserted central venous catheters for treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Patients who have cystic fibrosis (CF) are frequently hospitalized for long-term intravenous (IV) treatment. We evaluated clinical effectiveness of the Drum-Cartridge Catheter (Abbott Laboratories) for such patients. The catheter is placed peripherally under local anesthesia via an antecubital vein into the superior vena cava or right atrium. Patients who were more than 10 years of age and who were hospitalized for IV antibiotic therapy and/or IV hyperalimentation were studied. All but 2 patients had CF. Using an aseptic technique the catheters were inserted into the basilic or cephalic vein. Chest radiographs were used to confirm the final location of the catheter. Catheters were used to administer IV antibiotics, hyperalimentation, and lipids. There were 38 catheterizations in 23 patients; several patients had repeated insertions at later admissions. The success rate of insertion was 86% with 31 of the 38 insertions initially located either in the superior vena cava or right atrium. Mean duration of catheterization was 15.4 days (range 5-49 days). No major complications such as sepsis, catheter or clot embolism, pneumothorax, vascular perforation, or hemorrhage occurred in the patients who had DF. Complications that required displacement of catheter into the axillary vein (1 patient), and cracked catheter hub (1 patient). This study shows that the Drum-Cartridge Catheter can be used easily for IV therapy of patients who have CF for a long duration, repeatedly, and with no major complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic therapy of pancreatitis in the pediatric population.

Six children with chronic relapsing pancreatitis or acute post-traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst underwent therapeutic pancreatography at the time of ERCP. Procedures included pancreaticobiliary sphincterotomy, pancreatic duct stone removal, and endoprosthesis placement. Four of five patients with chronic pancreatitis had significant symptomatic improvement, whereas the patient with pseudocyst had rapid resolution of symptoms and cyst. Complications were limited to mild pancreatitis in a subset of patients. With the capability of obviating or delaying the need for palliative pancreatic surgery, therapeutic pancreatography deserves additional evaluation in the pediatric patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CBT in paediatric and adolescent health settings: a review of practice-based evidence.

Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT) has strong theoretical underpinnings that facilitate the systematic evaluation of outcomes and process of change adults. CBT has been extensively adapted for use with children and young people with session content and method of delivery modified to acknowledge developmental stage and ability. Current approaches emphasise the psychological management of the impact of symptoms of particular types of physical health difficulties and prevention of the development of psychological difficulties, as well as in the alleviation of procedurally related stress. The need for collaboration with families and other parts of a child's network is particularly relevant in the paediatric setting. This review describes what we have found helpful in our work and provides a road map of where to go to find out more about how to do more. General CBT approaches are described as well as examples of how CBT has been used specifically for procedural distress, diabetes, sickle cell disease, chronic pain and chronic fatigue.

Adolescent↗