Biomedical subjects

D Chen

Publications and source records attributed to D Chen.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

HER-2/neu, p53, and DNA analyses as prognosticators for survival in endometrial carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prognostic importance of certain molecular biologic characteristics (HER-2/neu and p53 gene overexpression, DNA ploidy, and the S-phase fraction) to standard clinical-pathologic factors used to predict survival in patients with endometrial carcinoma. METHODS: We reviewed archival specimens from 128 patients with endometrial cancer diagnosed during the period 1985-1987. One hundred four cases were eligible for inclusion in the study. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect p53 and HER-2/neu overexpression. We used flow cytometry to calculate DNA ploidy and the S-phase fraction. Life-table analysis and Cox multiple regression were used to analyze clinical and molecular data with respect to survival. RESULTS: International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology stage, nuclear grade, lymph-vascular space invasion, and adverse histopathologic features each significantly correlated with poor outcome (each at P < or = .001). Overexpression of p53 was demonstrated in 15% of the tumors and was associated with a 12% probability of 5-year survival, compared to a 90% probability of 5-year survival for the p53-negative cohort (P = .0001). Thirty percent of the tumors were aneuploid, which was also associated with poor prognosis (P = .0003). HER-2/neu overexpression and an S-phase fraction greater than 10% showed similar trends, but were not statistically significant. On multivariate analysis, p53 overexpression was the strongest independent prognosticator of survival (P = .0001). CONCLUSION: Molecular characteristics provide objective data that may be useful in predicting prognosis in patients with endometrial cancer. Further investigation of molecular and genetic characteristics are needed to refine our diagnostic and treatment modalities.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Synthesis and structures of Zn(C6H12OS2)2(ClO4)2 and Zn(C3H6NS2)2(C3H4N2)--model compounds for the Zn sites in RNA polymerase.

Model compounds for the Zn sites of the beta' and the beta subunits in RNA polymerase [1] were synthesized. Single crystal structures and X-ray absorbtion spectroscopy measurements for these two model complexes are reported. In Zn(C6H12OS2)2(ClO4)2, the Zn is coordinated by four sulfur and two oxygen atoms. The average Zn-S bond length is 2.514 A and the Zn-O bond length is 2.089 A, which are similar to these bond distances reported for the Zn site in the beta' subunit of RNA polymerase. In Zn(C3H6NS2)2(C3H4N2), the Zn atom is coordinated by four sulfur atoms and one nitrogen atom of an imidazole group. The average of the Zn-S bond length is 2.469 A and the Zn-N bond length is 2.009 A, which are also similar to the Zn-S and Zn-N bonds in the beta subunits of RNA polymerase.

Binding Sites↗

PubMed1995

Effect of DETOX as an adjuvant for melanoma vaccine.

The identification of effective adjuvants is critical for tumor vaccine development. Towards this end, we examined whether the immunogenicity of a melanoma vaccine could be potentiated by DETOX, an adjuvant consisting of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and purified mycobacterial cell-wall skeleton (CWS). Nineteen patients with resected stage III melanoma were immunized with a polyvalent melanoma antigen vaccine (40 micrograms) admixed with DETOX, q3 wks x 4. Seven patients received vaccine + low-dose DETOX (10 micrograms MPL + 100 micrograms CWS) and 12 received vaccine + high-dose DETOX (20 micrograms MPL + 200 micrograms CWS). A non-randomized control group of 35 patients was treated similarly with 40 micrograms vaccine + alum. One week after the fourth vaccine immunization, melanoma antibodies were increased over baseline in 7/7 (100%) patients treated with vaccine + low-dose DETOX, 8/12 (67%) patients treated with vaccine + high-dose DETOX, and in 4/19 (21%) of vaccine + alum patients. For the entire DETOX group, the antibody response rate was 15/19 (79%) compared 4/19 (21%) in the alum group (p < 0.001). In contrast, a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response (> or = 15 mm increase in DTH response over baseline) was induced in 50% of the entire DETOX group versus in 47% of the alum group. Median disease-free (DF) survival for the entire DETOX group was 17.8 months compared with 32.1 months in the alum group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, DETOX markedly potentiated antibody but had little effect on DTH responses to melanoma vaccine immunization. It did not appear to improve disease-free survival in comparison to alum in this non-randomized study.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1995

The effects of cytokines and growth factors on osteoblastic cells.

In this short review, some regulatory mechanisms that are involved in the control of normal bone formation are proposed, based on several in vivo and in vitro models our group has utilized recently to study osteoblast differentiation and mineralized bone matrix formation. Of course, these proposals must be assessed in the light of the limitations of the models, which probably represent a simplification of the complex and different ways in which normal mammalian bone is formed at different sites. Nevertheless, it is likely that the same general types of control mechanisms are active in each of the different types of bone formation. In adult humans, bone formation predominantly occurs by remodeling, the process by which bone which has recently been resorbed by osteoclasts is replaced by teams of osteoblasts. Other types of bone formation such as endochondral bone formation and appositional bone formation are also important, particularly during growth and adolescence. The end results of each of these processes are the same, namely a complex mineralized proteinaceous bone matrix. These processes are modulated by systemic hormonal influences, which are particularly important with respect to pituitary hormones and sex steroids during growth and adolescence, and by local cellular microenvironmental differences. The former will not be discussed here. Rather, we will concentrate on the local events and factors which are likely involved in the bone formation process occurring during normal bone remodeling.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Sperm nuclear maturity in spinal cord-injured men: evaluation by acidic aniline blue stain.

For many of the spinal cord-injured (SCI) men who are able to produce an ejaculate, infertility because of poor semen quality is a concern. Impaired spermatogenesis has been attributed as a possible reason for the poor semen quality. If so, events that occur during spermatogenesis may be used as a marker to evaluate the extent of spermatogenic alteration. During spermatogenesis, when the sperm nuclear condensation occurs, lysine-rich somatic histone are replaced by arginine-rich protamines in the DNA. Acidic aniline blue preferentially stains the immature sperm nucleus blue by binding to the lysine. Hence, each sperm can be individually evaluated for nuclear maturity. To test this concept, the nuclear maturity of sperm from 12 SCI men obtained by vibratory stimulation was compared with sperm samples obtained by self-masturbation from 104 non-SCI men. Sperm smears stained with acidic aniline blue were evaluated for nuclear maturity. The percent of unstained spermatozoa for non-SCI men (mean +/- SEM; 83.4 +/- 1.1%) was not statistically different from that of the SCI men (79.7 +/- 4.8%). However, the sperm motility (70.5 +/- 1.2%) and the percentage of normal sperm morphology (50.8 +/- 0.7%) of non-SCI men were significantly (P < .01) different from those of the SCI men (36.5 +/- 6.8% and 44.0 +/- 2.4%). It seems that the poor semen quality observed in SCI men is probably not caused by inadequate nuclear maturity of the spermatozoa.

Cell Nucleus↗

PubMed1995

Semen extenders to salvage ejaculate in a retrograde ejaculate environment: a potential use in spinal cord-injured men.

Infertility is a well-recognized complication in spinal cord-injured men. Vibratory stimulation and electroejaculation are being used to overcome the inability to ejaculate, but poor sperm quality remains a significant problem. Retrograde ejaculation is known to occur with both sperm retrieval techniques, and may contribute to the poor semen quality. In addition, the amount of retrograde ejaculate produced is generally of sufficient quantity worthy of salvaging. We investigated the effectiveness of various semen media in maintaining the viability of healthy sperm placed in a retrograde ejaculate environment. Six semen extenders, media used to process spermatozoa for artificial insemination and to maintain viability during cryopreservation, were studied. We found that Ham's F-10 with 3.5gm % bovine serum albumin seems to be an effective medium to maintain sperm viability over a wide range of urine concentrations (up to 60% to 80% urine), and potentially, may be useful by its infusion into the bladder before vibratory or electrostimulation to enhance the recovery of greater numbers of viable sperm from the retrograde environment.

Cell Survival↗

PubMed1995

Management of impotence due to spinal cord injury using low dose papaverine.

Erectile dysfunction is a common complication of spinal cord injury. Of the 68 spinal cord injured men in whom treatment with papaverine was initiated a therapeutic dosage was determined in 50 (74%). Papaverine was injected into the base of one corpora cavernosum. The dose started at 3 mg and was increased at weekly or longer intervals until an effective dose was determined. There were 15 (30%) men with tetraplegia and 35 (70%) men with paraplegia. The dosage of papaverine did not relate to the level or extent of injury. Doses of 12 mg or less were used in 56% of patients. Low dose papaverine is a safe and effective means of restoring erections in spinal cord injured men.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Sequence and expression of bone morphogenetic protein 3 mRNA in prolonged cultures of fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts and in rat prostate adenocarcinoma PA III cells.

We have examined expression of bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP-3) mRNA in normal rat osteoblasts in culture as they undergo differentiation to form bone-like structures, and have found that expression of BMP-3 mRNA in primary fetal rat calvarial (FRC) cells is discontinuous and shows at least four different-sized transcripts. BMP-3 mRNA expression has a distinct temporal pattern during bone cell differentiation of FRC osteoblasts. Previously, we showed that BMP-3 mRNA is expressed in normal and neoplastic rat and human prostate tissues, and in human osteosarcoma cells, as multiple transcripts. To compare the nature of these transcripts in different tissues, three cDNA clones encoding BMP-3 have been isolated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cDNA library screening from human prostate cancer PC-3 cells, rat prostate adenocarcinoma PA III cells, and primary FRC cells. Analysis of these clones has revealed that the nucleotide sequence of BMP-3 found in human prostate cells is identical to that found in human bone cells. The rat BMP-3 sequences from bone and prostate cells are also identical but show a high degree of variation in the pro- or precursor region compared with human BMP-3. The biological significance of these differences in these two species is unknown.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1995

Methylmethacrylate monomer produces direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle in vitro.

Methylmethacrylate bone cement is associated with severe hypotensive reactions during surgery and anesthesia. The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine if methylmethacrylate monomer could produce hypotension by acting directly on vascular smooth muscle. Segments of human saphenous vein or rabbit thoracic aorta were cut into rings. The rings were mounted in isolated tissue chambers in order to measure isometric tension development. Methylmethacrylate monomer (methylmethacrylic acid ester) produced direct relaxation of venous or aortic rings preconstricted with either potassium ion or noradrenaline. The relaxation was concentration-dependent, occurring at concentrations from 10(-3) to 10(-1) M. The relaxation of rabbit aortic rings (preconstricted with noradrenaline) was unaffected by pre-treatment with atropine, propranolol, cimetidine, indomethacin, or methylene blue. Endothelial stripping with Triton X-100, sufficient to completely abolish acetylcholine-induced relaxation, also had little effect on methylmethacrylate-induced relaxation. Methylmethacrylate produced direct relaxation of rabbit aortic rings constricted with either potassium or noradrenaline in calcium-deficient media, and inhibited subsequent calcium-induced constriction. These results suggest that methylmethacrylate monomer may interfere with intracellular and extracellular calcium mobilization and excitation/contraction coupling in vascular smooth muscle. The direct relaxation of venous and arterial smooth muscle produced by methylmethacrylate monomer may contribute in part to the hypotension that can occur when acrylic bone cement is employed during orthopedic procedures.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Quality of life assessment in gynaecological cancer patients.

The feasibility of quality of life (QOL) assessment in a heterogeneous group of gynaecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy was determined. All new patients being prescribed cytotoxic chemotherapy were asked to complete a modified QOL assessment tool. The elected assessment tool is the Functional Assessment Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) tool, comprising 33 questions under 5 broad categories: physical well-being, social well-being, relationship with doctor, emotional well-being and functional well-being. Raw scores were calculated and then transformed to a 0-100 scale. Twenty eight patients received a total of 75 treatment cycles of chemotherapy. Four patients were not offered the assessment due to language difficulties. All patients offered the test satisfactorily completed the test to allow statistical analysis. The average number of chemotherapy courses received was 2.5 (range: 1-6). Of a total possible 2,475 study items (33 items x 75 cycles), 240 items were not answered (10%). Of these 240 unanswered items, 2 items (#14 and #15) comprised 38%. The mean transformed score for physical well-being was 32 (SE 2.5), for social well-being the mean transformed score was 50 (SE 1.7), relationship with doctor 86 (SE 2.4), emotional well-being 41 (SE 2) and functional well-being was 54 (SE 2.6). The assessment of QOL indices in gynaecological cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy is feasible. Further research needs to determine the optimal QOL tool for this patient population.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Antimelanoma antibodies in swine with spontaneously regressing melanoma.

Sinclair swine provide a unique model for studying mechanisms of tumor regression because they are born with melanomas that spontaneously regress approximately 10 weeks after birth. To examine whether an antitumor immune response is present in these animals, and, if so, to study its relation to tumor regression, 38 sera specimens collected at different times from 13 swine born with melanomas were tested for melanoma antibodies by immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE analysis of 125I labelled swine melanoma macromolecules. Antibodies to melanoma were present in 13 (100%) of the swine versus 1 of 3 control swine. The antibodies were directed to antigens of approximately 45, 68-75, or 100 kDa. These antigens were also expressed on human melanomas and normal melanocytes but on only one of five unrelated tumors. The incidence and level of these antibodies increased with time. Antibodies to the 45, 68-75, and 100 kDa antigens were present in 36%, 55%, and 9%, respectively, of sera collected prior to 7 weeks of age, but in 80%, 100%, and 37% of sera collected between 7 and 20 weeks (P < 0.05). The rise in melanoma antibodies usually preceded or appeared together with tumor regression and loss of pigmentation. These findings indicate that Sinclair swine with melanomas have antibodies to antigens preferentially expressed on pigment cells, and support the hypothesis that the regression phenomenon and the vitiligo-like skin depigmentation result from immune responses to common antigens shared by normal and malignant swine pigment cells.

Aging↗

PubMed1995

Varicella-zoster virus gene 51 complements a herpes simplex virus type 1 UL9 null mutant.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gene 51 encodes a protein which is homologous to UL9, the origin of DNA replication-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1. No genetic information is available on VZV gene 51, but its product has been shown to bind to virtually the same recognition sequence as does UL9 (D. Chen and P. D. Olivo, J. Virol. 68:3841-3849, 1994; N. D. Stow, H. M. Weir, and E. C. Stow, Virology 177:570-577, 1990). We report here that gene 51 can complement a UL9 null mutant (hr94) (A. K. Malik, R. Martinez, L. Muncy, E. P. Carmichael, and S. K. Weller, Virology 190:702-715, 1992), but at a level which is only 20% of that of UL9. Quantitation of viral DNA synthesis suggests that this phenotype is due to a defect in viral DNA synthesis. Regardless, the ability of VZV gene 51 to complement UL9 suggests that alphaherpesviruses have a highly conserved mechanism of initiation of viral DNA synthesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Insulin receptor substrate 1 rescues insulin action in CHO cells expressing mutant insulin receptors that lack a juxtamembrane NPXY motif.

Insulin signals are mediated through tyrosine phosphorylation of specific proteins such as insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and Shc by the activated insulin receptor (IR). Phosphorylation of both proteins is nearly abolished by an alanine substitution at Tyr-960 (A960) in the beta-subunit of the receptor. However, overexpression of IRS-1 in CHO cells expressing the mutant receptor (A960 cells) restored sufficient tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 to rescue IRS-1/Grb-2 binding and phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase activation during insulin stimulation. Shc tyrosine phosphorylation and its binding to Grb-2 were impaired in the A960 cells and were unaffected by overexpression of IRS-1. Although overexpression of IRS-1 increased IRS-1 binding to Grb-2, ERK-1/ERK-2 activation was not rescued. These data suggest that signaling molecules other than IRS-1, perhaps including Shc, are critical for insulin stimulation of p21ras. Interestingly, overexpression of IRS-1 in the A960 cells restored insulin-stimulated mitogenesis and partially restored insulin stimulation of glycogen synthesis. Thus, IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is sufficient to increase the mitogenic response to insulin, whereas insulin stimulation of glycogen synthesis appears to involve other factors. Moreover, IRS-1 phosphorylation is either not sufficient or not involved in insulin stimulation of ERK.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗

PubMed1995

Low-efficiency of percutaneous adenovirus-mediated arterial gene transfer in the atherosclerotic rabbit.

Recombinant adenoviruses are the most efficient vectors with which to perform arterial gene transfer. Previous in vivo studies of adenovirus-mediated arterial transfection, however, have been performed using normal or endothelium-denuded arteries. It is unclear whether these results can be extended to atherosclerotic arteries. Accordingly, this study was designed to (a) assess the feasibility of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer to atherosclerotic lesions, and (b) compare the transfection efficiency, anatomic distribution of transfected cells, and duration of transgene expression achieved in normal versus atherosclerotic arteries. A recombinant adenovirus including a nuclear-targeted beta-galactosidase gene was percutaneously delivered to the iliac artery of normal (n = 25) and atherosclerotic (n = 25) rabbits. Transgene expression, assessed by morphometric as well as chemiluminescent analyses, was documented in all normal and atherosclerotic arteries between 3 and 14 d after gene transfer, but was undetectable at later time points. Transfected cells were identified as smooth muscle cells located in the media of normal arteries, and in the neointima and the vasa-vasora of atherosclerotic arteries. Two percent of medial cells, but only 0.2% of medial and neointimal cells expressed the transgene in normal and atherosclerotic arteries, respectively (P = 0.0001). Similarly, nuclear beta-galactosidase activity was higher in normal than in atherosclerotic arteries (3.2 vs. 0.8 mU/mg protein, P = 0.02). These findings indicate that atherosclerosis reduces the transfection efficiency which can be achieved with adenoviral vectors, and thus constitutes a potential limitation to adenovirus-based, arterial gene therapy.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1995

Breast cancer selective gene expression and therapy mediated by recombinant adenoviruses containing the DF3/MUC1 promoter.

The high molecular weight mucin-like glycoprotein, DF3 (MUC1), is overexpressed in the majority of human breast cancers. Here we demonstrate that replication defective recombinant adenoviral vectors, containing the DF3 promoter (bp -725 to +31), can be used to express beta-galactosidase (Ad.DF3-betagal) and the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk) gene (Ad.Df3-tk) in DF3 positive breast carcinoma cell lines. In vivo experiments using breast tumor implants in nude mice injected with Ad.DF3-betagal demonstrated that expression of the beta-galactosidase gene is limited to DF3-positive breast cancer xenografts. Moreover, in an intraperitoneal breast cancer metastases model, we show that i.p. injection of Ad.DF3-tk followed by GCV treatment results in inhibition of tumor growth. These results demonstrate that utilization of the DF3 promoter in an adenoviral vector can confer selective expression of heterologous genes in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1995

Sickle cell vaso-occlusive crisis is associated with abnormalities in the ratio of vasoconstrictor to vasodilator prostanoids.

Plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6kPGF1 alpha) and thromboxane (Tx) B2 have been assessed in sickle cell disease (SCD) with discrepant results. Inasmuch as direct measurement of plasma prostanoids is fraught with the problem of interfering substances, we assessed plasma 6kPGF1 alpha and TxB2 levels in patients with SCD by RIA after extraction of eicosanoids and separation by HPLC. We demonstrate that the 6kPGF1 alpha and TxB2 levels in children with SCD in steady state as well as in vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) are significantly lower when compared with those from age-matched controls. The VOC plasma 6kPGF1 alpha and TxB2 levels were, however, significantly elevated when compared with those from children in steady state. Changes similar to those noted with unpaired plasma samples were also observed when paired steady state and VOC plasmas from the same patients were assessed. The ratio of TxB2 to 6kPGF1 alpha was, however, significantly elevated in patients with SCD in crisis when compared with eicosanoid ratios obtained during steady state. In an attempt to understand whether the abnormality in 6kPGF1 alpha was due to an impairment in endothelial cell prostacyclin-regenerating ability, we compared the ability of plasma from controls and children with SCD to activate arachidonic acid (AA) release and prostacyclin production by [14C]AA-prelabeled bovine aortic endothelial cells. Our results suggest that the decreased 6kPGF1 alpha levels in plasma from children with SCD was not due to an effect on substrate AA release but rather a modulatory effect of sickle plasma components on endothelial cell cyclooxygenase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed1995

A somatic cell genetic method for identification of untargeted mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor that cause hormone binding deficiencies.

Mouse T lymphoma cell line W7MG1, which is killed by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoid agonists, was used as a convenient genetic system for isolating sublines containing mutant glucocorticoid receptors (GR) with hormone-binding deficiencies. Partially hormone-resistant cell clones were derived from chemically mutagenized cell populations by selecting for growth in moderate concentrations of dexamethasone (Dex) and then screening for failure to grow in high Dex concentrations. Such clones are likely to have mutant GR. In GR cDNA clones from the partially resistant cell sublines, three different functionally significant mutations in the hormone-binding domain were identified: Leu-569 changed to Phe (L569F), Leu-670 to Phe (L670F), and Met-672 to Ile (M672I). Dose-response analyses with Dex and affinity labeling studies with dexamethasone 21-mesylate in transiently transfected cells indicated that all three mutant GR species had hormone-binding deficiencies. However, at saturating Dex concentrations the mutant and wild type GR activated a hormone-inducible reporter gene to the same extent; thus, these three mutations did not affect the ability of GR to activate transcription of the reporter gene after hormone was bound. In dose-response curves conducted with several glucocorticoid agonists, mutations L670F and M672I caused no change in ligand-binding specificities, while mutation L569F caused a modest change in specificity. Quantitative hormone-binding studies conducted with mutant GR synthesized in cell-free reactions showed that mutant GR species L569F and M672I had reduced Dex-binding affinities both at 0 C and at 22 C in the presence of molybdate. In contrast, for the L670F mutant, which exhibited the severest deficiency in vivo, the hormone-binding deficiency in the cell-free system was evident only at 26-37 C and primarily in the absence of molybdate. We propose that the L670F GR is an activation-labile type of mutant, which binds hormone normally in the presence of heat shock protein 90 but loses hormone rapidly after dissociation from heat shock protein 90. These three mutations define two new subregions of the GR polypeptide that are important for hormone binding.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Postnatal development of lymphoid follicles in rat Peyer's patches, with special reference to increased follicle number.

The postnatal development of Peyer's patches was investigated using routine histological and immunohistochemical techniques, focusing especially on the formation and increase in number of lymphoid follicles. In addition, we studied the influence on the development of lymphoid follicles in Peyer's patches of a sublethal dose of whole-body X-irradiation at an earlier postnatal age. At 1 day after birth, surface-IgM (sIgM)-bearing cells (B lymphocytes) were scattered throughout the Peyer's patch. At Day 3, sIgM-bearing cells had accumulated to form primary follicles in association with domed elevations. OX2-positive reticular cells (FDC) were detected in the centers of primary follicles at Day 5. The first appearance of germinal centers within lymphoid follicles was noted at 18 days, and at 21 days almost every follicle contained a germinal center. At Day 5, each Peyer's patch contained 6-8 lymphoid follicles, with the lymphoid follicles subsequently increasing in size and number. The mean number of follicles per Peyer's patch became 11.1, the adult level, at 21 days, and remained at this level for the next 15 weeks, even though respective follicles continued to enlarge during the observation period. Three-week-old rats received 400 rad whole-body X-irradiation. At 3 and 7 days after treatment, lymphocytes were largely depleted from Peyer's patches, leaving behind the structural framework of the lymphoid follicles, interfollicular zones and domes. Stromal cells in the follicle remnants retained a positive reaction to OX2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗