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Biomedical subjects

D Chauvaud

Publications and source records attributed to D Chauvaud.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Microsurgery of the macula lutea].

Modern surgery of the macula exists since 1965, and was initially proposed in membrane removal from patients presenting an idiopathic epiretinal membrane. This first indication authorized the development of macular microsurgical instrumentation and further analysis of membrane fragments. However, the exact pathogenesis of these membranes remains yet unknown. Since 1991 macular surgery was applied in the treatment of macular holes. Results obtained after macular hole surgery confirmed pathogenic hypothesis observed clinically by Gas. Considerable improvement was therefore achieved in anatomical and functional outcome. Chorioretinal adhesion agents were recently proposed to optimize the closure of macular holes. Submacular surgery is the latest technologic achievement under investigation. The ultimate indications are age-related macular degeneration, first cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Retinal transplantation opens new avenues in the treatment of a large number of chorioretinal diseases. The assessment of macular surgery could pave the way in realising such technical advances.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[Retinal detachment].

Treatment by surgery following retinal detachment now implies a 90% anatomological rate of success. Functional success, however, is directly related to the precocity of treatment. Vitreous changes are a prerequisite to detachment. Such modifications occur frequently and only rarely led to detachment, which has an incidence of 5,000 per year in France. When vitreous changes are observed clinically, it is important to recognise patients at risk of detachment in order to assure early treatment.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

Miragel versus silastic used as episcleral implants in rabbits. An experimental and histopathologic comparative study.

PURPOSE: Tissue reactions to two different biomaterials implanted on the sclera of rabbit eyes, a silicone implant (Silastic; Dow Corning) and a hydrogel (Miragel; Mira Inc.), were evaluated. METHODS: Both materials were implanted on the scleral surface under the superior rectus to obtain a focal scleral buckling. Histopathologic examination of the 32 eyes was performed with transmission electron microscopy 5 to 8 months after implantation. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 6 silicone implants were extruded, compared with only one hydrogel implant. Histopathologically, both types of implants were surrounded by a newly formed fibrous capsule. Only the hydrogel implant gave rise to a granulomatous foreign body reaction against its own fragments, however. CONCLUSION: The main difference between the two types of material was a superficial fragmentation of the hydrogel implants. The reason for this fragmentation is unknown. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of foreign body giant cell granuloma that developed against a hydrogel implant.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Ocular lesions caused by pellet guns. Epidemiological study on 160 patients].

We present a retrospective study of ocular trauma related to pellet guns. Over a period of 5 years, 160 such patients were seen in our emergency unit. Eighty per cent of cases were men, with a mean age of 28 years. Ocular trauma was due to a fight in 85%. Ocular trauma was unilateral in 109 patients, and bilateral in 51 patients. We observed a complete disorganisation of the eye in 8 eyes, intraocular foreign bodies in 71 eyes, intraorbital foreign bodies without ocular lacerations in 23 eyes, and blunt trauma in 108 eyes. Final vision was poor or absent in 31 eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of a simplified protocol of local regional anesthesia for the surgery of the posterior segment].

A consecutive series of 100 patients with retinal detachment underwent surgery with local regional anesthesia (sedation plus peribulbar anesthesia). All patients were informed about the anesthesia alternatives (general and local regional) and the differences were explained. Ninety-seven patients chose local regional anesthesia. The remaining 3 patients had major contraindications for general anesthesia. The mean surgery time was 1 hour 25 minutes. Regional anesthesia failed in one case, and general anesthesia was then employed. Local regional anesthesia requires close collaboration of surgeon, anesthesiologist and patient. The main advantages of this technique are: its simplicity, the absence of oculocardiac reflex, diminution of pain, and the possibility of placing the patient in the desired position very shortly after surgery. The limitations of local regional anesthesia are: procedures that take longer time, and lack of patient comfort.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Ocular lesions related to pellet pistols. Epidemiologic study of 160 patients].

We present a retrospective study of ocular trauma related to pellet guns. During 5 years, 160 such patients were seen in our emergency unit. 80% of cases were men, and range age was 28 years. Ocular trauma circumstances was a fight in 85%. Ocular trauma was unilateral in 109 patients, and bilateral in 51 patients. We observed a complete disorganisation of the eye in 8 eyes, intraocular foreign bodies in 71 eyes, intraorbital foreign bodies without ocular lacerations in 23 eyes, and blunt trauma in 108 eyes. Final vision is poor or absent in 31 eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Scleral erosion after surgery of retinal detachment disclosed by isolated corticodependent hyalitis. Apropos of 3 cases].

A chronic steroid-dependent hyalitis was the first sign of a transscleral erosion in three patients with severe myopia. This erosion was seen for more than 5 years after the procedure which consisted of a very tight scleral buckling with a 5 mm wide Lincoff sponge. Hyalitis disappeared in all three cases after removal of the material. In one case, the transscleral erosion was the cause of a recurrent retinal detachment. The sensitivity of hyalitis to oral steroid therapy suggests an immune process. Hyalitis in patients with a tight buckle must be cured by removal of the material.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1992

[Cataract surgery after injection of silicone].

Thirty eyes were studied retrospectively, after cataract surgery following intraocular silicone oil injection. Cataract surgery took place before silicone oil removal in 9 eyes, at the same time as silicone oil removal in 2 eyes, and after silicone oil removal in 19 eyes. Extracapsular extraction was performed in 27 eyes, and intracapsular extraction was performed in 3 eyes. A posterior chamber intraocular lens was placed in 14 cases, and an anterior chamber intraocular lens in one case. Capsular fibrosis was observed in 19 cases, and it was treated with YAG laser in 10 eyes during follow-up. Twenty five eyes had a postoperative follow up of 3 to 37 months. Total retinal detachment occurred in 2 eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pseudophakic retinal detachment.

We reviewed 165 cases of non-referred pseudophakic retinal detachment. Fifty-three eyes (32%) had sustained significant complications due to cataract surgery prior to retinal detachment; 45 eyes (27%) presented with grade B, C or D proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The overall reattachment rate was 84%. This was significantly higher in the posterior chamber lens group than in the iris-fixated lens or anterior chamber lens groups (93 vs. 69 and 81%). Our data show that uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction plus posterior chamber lens implantation offers the best chance of successful detachment surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Nanophthalmos with uveal effusion].

A typical case of nanophthalmos with uveal effusion syndrome is reported. Clinical, pathological and therapeutic aspects of uveal effusion syndrome are discussed. A surgical treatment consisting of lamellar sclerectomies is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Retinal detachment].

Retinal detachment is a rare but serious disease with potential socio-professional repercussions. Its prevention rests on information of medical practitioners and patients and on photocoagulation with argon laser. Nowadays, the curative treatment of retinal detachment is surgical. When applied at an early stage and correctly performed, it should normally give satisfactory functional results.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Retinal S-antigen in human subretinal fluid.

Studies in experimental models of retinal detachment have proposed that the degree of visual recovery following retinal reattachment depends upon the extent of photoreceptor degeneration. A means of assessing this degeneration would help in establishing postoperative prognosis. S-antigen (S-Ag) is a unique retinal protein found in outer segment disc membranes and photoreceptor cells. In 36 cases of human rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, subretinal fluid (SRF) concentrations of S-Ag, measured by radioimmunoassay, ranged from 43 to 170 ng/ml (serum: 1-28 ng/ml). Analysis of variance showed a positive correlation with the duration of detachment (P less than 0.001). There was a two-fold increase in S-Ag concentrations during the first 2 weeks of detachment (P less than 0.005), with constant levels thereafter. These findings reflect progressive photoreceptor degeneration and/or ongoing synthesis of outer segment proteins in the detached retina that stop after the second week of detachment. SRF S-Ag levels may provide a prognostic indicator of visual recovery after reattachment as well as a sensitive measure of retinal metabolic activity during detachment.

Adult↗