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Biomedical subjects

D Chauvaud

Publications and source records attributed to D Chauvaud.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Scleral erosion after surgery of retinal detachment disclosed by isolated corticodependent hyalitis. Apropos of 3 cases].

A chronic steroid-dependent hyalitis was the first sign of a transscleral erosion in three patients with severe myopia. This erosion was seen for more than 5 years after the procedure which consisted of a very tight scleral buckling with a 5 mm wide Lincoff sponge. Hyalitis disappeared in all three cases after removal of the material. In one case, the transscleral erosion was the cause of a recurrent retinal detachment. The sensitivity of hyalitis to oral steroid therapy suggests an immune process. Hyalitis in patients with a tight buckle must be cured by removal of the material.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1992

[Cataract surgery after injection of silicone].

Thirty eyes were studied retrospectively, after cataract surgery following intraocular silicone oil injection. Cataract surgery took place before silicone oil removal in 9 eyes, at the same time as silicone oil removal in 2 eyes, and after silicone oil removal in 19 eyes. Extracapsular extraction was performed in 27 eyes, and intracapsular extraction was performed in 3 eyes. A posterior chamber intraocular lens was placed in 14 cases, and an anterior chamber intraocular lens in one case. Capsular fibrosis was observed in 19 cases, and it was treated with YAG laser in 10 eyes during follow-up. Twenty five eyes had a postoperative follow up of 3 to 37 months. Total retinal detachment occurred in 2 eyes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Pseudophakic retinal detachment.

We reviewed 165 cases of non-referred pseudophakic retinal detachment. Fifty-three eyes (32%) had sustained significant complications due to cataract surgery prior to retinal detachment; 45 eyes (27%) presented with grade B, C or D proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The overall reattachment rate was 84%. This was significantly higher in the posterior chamber lens group than in the iris-fixated lens or anterior chamber lens groups (93 vs. 69 and 81%). Our data show that uneventful extracapsular cataract extraction plus posterior chamber lens implantation offers the best chance of successful detachment surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Nanophthalmos with uveal effusion].

A typical case of nanophthalmos with uveal effusion syndrome is reported. Clinical, pathological and therapeutic aspects of uveal effusion syndrome are discussed. A surgical treatment consisting of lamellar sclerectomies is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Retinal detachment].

Retinal detachment is a rare but serious disease with potential socio-professional repercussions. Its prevention rests on information of medical practitioners and patients and on photocoagulation with argon laser. Nowadays, the curative treatment of retinal detachment is surgical. When applied at an early stage and correctly performed, it should normally give satisfactory functional results.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Retinal S-antigen in human subretinal fluid.

Studies in experimental models of retinal detachment have proposed that the degree of visual recovery following retinal reattachment depends upon the extent of photoreceptor degeneration. A means of assessing this degeneration would help in establishing postoperative prognosis. S-antigen (S-Ag) is a unique retinal protein found in outer segment disc membranes and photoreceptor cells. In 36 cases of human rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, subretinal fluid (SRF) concentrations of S-Ag, measured by radioimmunoassay, ranged from 43 to 170 ng/ml (serum: 1-28 ng/ml). Analysis of variance showed a positive correlation with the duration of detachment (P less than 0.001). There was a two-fold increase in S-Ag concentrations during the first 2 weeks of detachment (P less than 0.005), with constant levels thereafter. These findings reflect progressive photoreceptor degeneration and/or ongoing synthesis of outer segment proteins in the detached retina that stop after the second week of detachment. SRF S-Ag levels may provide a prognostic indicator of visual recovery after reattachment as well as a sensitive measure of retinal metabolic activity during detachment.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Inflammatory complications and anterior chamber implants after intracapsular extraction of the lens].

We studied the degree of inflammatory reaction after 43 non-complication intracapsular cataract extractions with anterior chamber lens implantation. Two types of implants were used that varied only by the shape and composition of their loops. Inflammation was more frequent and more severe with polypropylene loops. However, the degree of the inflammatory reaction did not interfere with the final visual results. The anatomic position of the loops did not noticeably influence the degree of inflammation but did seem to affect the final visual acuity.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

[Criteria for choosing a vitreotome (author's transl)].

The number of instruments available for performing vitrectomy has greatly increased, and the authors have used many of the different types available. Based on a series of personal observations, they define the criteria for the most suitable apparatus and describe several principles for its use.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Fine structure of palpebral molluscum contagiosum and its secondary conjunctival lesions.

One case of molluscum contagiosum of the lid, which has been followed by follicular conjunctivitis and superficial punctate keratitis, has enabled us to compare the ultrastructure of the skin tumor and of the conjunctival lesion. Electron microscopic observation is the only way for discovering the causal Poxvirus. Up to now isolation of the viral strain has not been possible. Examination of the skin tumor showed different maturation forms of the virus and associated cell alterations. In the conjunctiva there was an inflammatory reaction, with exocytosis and infiltration of the chorion by lymphocytes and plasma cells. Intracytoplasmic organelles were formed in the superficial epithelial cells. Their size and structure resembled that of the immature virions found in the epidermic cells. The comparison between skin and conjunctival lesions suggests the following sequence of events in the pathogenesis: the virus, leaving the lid tumor, probably penetrates the conjunctival cells and, without finding the conditions necessary for its full development, produces abnormal viral inclusions unable to become a mature virus. The excision of skin nodules thus cures the infection, since it prevents further reinfection by the skin virus. The morphological criteria on which this hypothesis is based must be confirmed by chemical and morphometrical studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Acute keratoconus--an ultrastructural study (author's transl)].

The corneal oedema of acute keratoconus is related to a break in endothelial-Descemetic continuity. This break was confirmed by optical and electron microscopical study of an anatomical section taken during a perforating keratoplasty; the methods of repair were studied five months after the incident. The corneal endothelium had almost totally recoversed the surfaces of the detached Descemet's membrane and the posterior surface of the bare corneal stroma. Electron microscopic study tended to indicate that the endothelial repair occurred more by cellular extension rather than mitosis (very flat cells) and showed that the inter-cellular connecting systems (focal tight junctions) were not regular, or even absent altogether, which explained the clinical finding of persistant corneal oedema. The endothelial cells secrete a Descemet neo-membrane over all their area which is more or less complete. They revover an original scarred stroma of fibrocytes of the posterior stroma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[The influence of the type of monofilament suture on re-epithelialisation of corneal grafts (author's transl)].

We have investigated whether a correlation exists between the quality of graft epithelialisation and three types of suture: triangular sutures, continuous and interrupted sutures. The study concerns 192 randomly chosen keratoplasties, performed by the same surgeon using suture material of 9 or 10/0 monofilament. We used the chi2 test for statistical analysis. No correlation was found to exist between the quality of epithelialisation and the type of sutures. By contrast the aetiology of the corneal disease had a highly significant influence (alpha at 1%) on the quality of this epithelialisation, with this correlation persisting whatever type of suturing was used.

Corneal Transplantation↗