Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Chadwick

Publications and source records attributed to D Chadwick.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Storage of human pancreatic digest in University of Wisconsin solution significantly improves subsequent islet purification.

Density-gradient purification of human pancreatic islets from the collagenase-digested pancreas relies on the exocrine tissue being denser than the islets. Cold storage of the pancreas before and after digestion causes cell swelling, which can decrease the density of pancreatic exocrine tissue and adversely affect subsequent purification. Using 14 human pancreata (seven perfused in situ with hyperosmolar citrate (HOC) and seven with University of Wisconsin solution (UW)), it is shown that storage of the pancreatic digest in UW significantly increases the density of pancreatic exocrine tissue compared with storage in minimal essential medium (MEM) (P = 0.009). This results in an improvement in islet purity (P = 0.036) for HOC- but not UW-perfused pancreata. Storage in UW for 1 h not only prevented the deterioration that occurred in MEM, but resulted in an improvement in islet purity for five of the seven HOC-perfused pancreata. Most pancreata in the UK are perfused with HOC, but storage of the digest in UW results in significantly better islet purity and, when islets cannot be purified immediately, a period of storage will often improve separation and allow islets to be purified.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1992

Haemospermia.

Haemospermia is a frightening symptom. Many cases are of benign aetiology but 5 to 10% will have underlying malignancy. Many younger patients require only routine clinical examination, urine analysis and reassurance, but patients aged over 40 years, those with persistent haemospermia, or those with associated haematuria require urological investigation. Imaging of the prostate and seminal vesicles with transrectal ultrasound is of particular value in the investigation of these patients.

Blood↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of renal cell carcinoma.

A prospective study has been carried out to examine the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the investigation of renal cell carcinoma in 24 patients. In all cases the inferior vena cava (IVC) was well demonstrated with MRI. In 14 out of 15 patients where surgical correlation was available, the MRI and operative staging were in agreement. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic (CT) staging were in agreement in 16 out of the 17 patients where both were performed. In one case, CT suggested hepatic invasion but this was found not to be present on MRI and at operation. Magnetic resonance imaging also provided substantial additional information in three patients, including two cases where MRI demonstrated a patent IVC that appeared occluded on CT (one of which also had vertebral metastases seen on MRI but missed on CT) and one case where CT failed to demonstrate minimal involvement of the IVC. Magnetic resonance imaging is an accurate means of staging renal cell carcinoma with clear advantages over CT. In no case in this series was inferior vena cavography found to be necessary.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1991

Carbamazepine-hypersensitivity: assessment of clinical and in vitro chemical cross-reactivity with phenytoin and oxcarbazepine.

1. Seven patients clinically diagnosed as being hypersensitive to carbamazepine and one patient hypersensitive to both carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine have been identified. They have been compared with a control group (hereafter referred to as 'control subjects') comprising five patients on chronic carbamazepine therapy without adverse effects and 12 healthy volunteers who have never been exposed to anticonvulsants. 2. An in vitro cytotoxicity assay employing mononuclear leucocytes as target cells has been used first, to determine the ability of 10 different human livers to bioactivate carbamazepine to a cytotoxic metabolite, and secondly, to compare the cell defences of carbamazepine-hypersensitive patients and control subjects to oxidative drug metabolites generated by a murine microsomal system, using a blinded protocol. 3. With human liver microsomes, the metabolism-dependent cytotoxicity of carbamazepine increased with increasing microsomal protein concentration. At a protein concentration of 2 mg per incubation, the cytotoxicity of carbamazepine with human liver microsomes (n = 10 livers) increased from 7.2 +/- 0.8% (baseline) to 16.4 +/- 2.1% (with NADPH; P = 0.002). 4. In the presence of phenobarbitone-induced mouse microsomes and NADPH, the mean increase in cytotoxicity above the baseline with carbamazepine was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) for the cells from the carbamazepine-hypersensitive patients (7.9 +/- 0.8%) than from control subjects (2.6 +/- 0.3%). 5. In the presence of phenobarbitone-induced mouse microsomes and NADPH, there was no significant difference in cytotoxicity between the cells from carbamazepine hypersensitive patients and from control subjects in the presence of either phenytoin or oxcarbazepine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Gabapentin.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acetates↗
PubMed1990

Why are so few patients with epilepsy treated surgically? A United Kingdom perspective.

The reasons why many patients with drug resistant complex partial epilepsy who might benefit from surgery are not appropriately assessed are examined, and include the attitudes and prejudices of Neurologists, Neurophysiologists, Neuroradiologists, Neurosurgeons and the patients themselves. Finally, the implications of provision of the necessary resources in the United Kingdom are presented.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1990

The epidemiology of drug resistant epilepsy and adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs.

Patients with partial, particularly complex partial, epilepsy, especially where this is related to underlying cerebral disease or damage, tend to respond poorly to existing antiepileptic drug therapy. The epidemiology of such patients is reviewed, together with the adverse effects of antiepileptic drug therapy which may be acute (dose-related and idiosyncratic) or chronic. Such chronic toxicity may cause nervous system, skin, hepatic, haematological, endocrine, and connective tissue problems, and also disorders of pregnancy. As complex partial epilepsy often responds poorly to drug therapy, the possible benefit of surgical treatment should be considered at a relatively early stage.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗