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Biomedical subjects

D Catovsky

Publications and source records attributed to D Catovsky.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Malignant histiocytosis: a clinico-pathological study of 12 cases.

The clinico-pathological features of 12 cases of malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic medullary reticulosis), aged 12-60 years, were studied. Special emphasis was put on the analysis of the haematological, cytological and histopathological findings of the disease. Bone marrow aspirates and biopsies from involved tissues (liver, lymph node, spleen and skin) were found best suited for establishing the diagnosis. Cytochemical and ultrastructural data support the concept that the neoplastic cells belong to the mononuclear-phagocyte system. Three untreated patients died in less than 6 months. Median survival of the nine treated patients was 1 year. Seven patients were treated with the combination chemotherapy CHOP and four achieved a complete remission. Three of them are alive and continue in unmaintained remission for more than 1 year, surviving so far for 18+ to 31+ months. Two cases showed evidence of CNS involvement, one during life and the other as a post-mortem finding. The differential diagnosis from other related or unrelated disorders and the possible aetiological factors responsible for the disease are discussed in detail.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Cell membrane enzymes. II. Alkaline phosphatase and alkaline phosphodiesterase I in normal and leukaemic lymphocytes.

The distribution of two cell membrane enzymes, alkaline phosphatase and alkaline phosphodiesterase I has been studied in normal and leukaemic lymphocytes. No reduction in the level of activity of either enzyme was found in the chronic or acute B- and T-cell leukaemias. Alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated in the lymphocytes from T-CLL, cord blood and tonsils and the blast cells from Null-ALL. Alkaline phosphodiesterase was elevated in lymphocytes from cord blood and tonsils and the blast cells from Null-ALL. As findings in Null-ALL were based on only two cases, they need confirmation in a larger series. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to current theories of maturation and differentiation in the lymphoproliferative disorders.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1978

Response to doxorubicin in hairy cell leukaemia.

A case of hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) treated by single-agent chemotherapy after the failure of splenectomy is reported. The patient was treated with doxorubicin 50 mg on 4 occasions over an 8-day period. After 2 weeks of profound pancytopenia, substantial blood and bone marrow improvement ensued. This case demonstrates that HCL may in some case be treated successfully by intensive chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Hairy cell leukemia: a clinical review based on 71 cases.

We studied the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 71 patients with hairy cell leukemia to ascertain whether prognostic factors important for the therapy of the disease existed. Granulocytopenia of less than 500/mu 1 was associated with the occurrence of a serious infection in 46% of the patients, compared to 19% of patients whose absolute granulocyte count was greater than 500/mu 1 (P less than 0.05). In most patients with symptoms of thrombocytopenia or leukopenia, splenectomy led to improved blood counts. Patients treated with splenectomy only had a significantly longer survival than those treated with steroids only (P less than 0.05). A group of patients who were slightly older and had minimal splenomegaly and few hairy cells in the peripheral blood did well without therapeutic intervention. Twenty-four patients have died, 16 of an infectious process. The actuarial survival for the group is 51% at 4 years, and there has been no change subsequently.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural study of normal and leukaemic leucocyte processes.

Cellular processes of leucocytes from both normal and leukaemic subjects were studied at the ultrastructural level. By high voltage transmission electron microscopy without a metal coating, more surface features could be seen in the cells than were observed by either scanning electron microscopy or conventional transmission electron microscopy. The technique was shown to be especially useful as it allows direct visualisation of the cell surface structure at high resolution without artefact-inducing preparative processes. Demonstrating receptor sites with this technique opens up the possibility of studying lymphocyte microvilli in greater detail.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1977

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase levels and membrane phenotypes in diagnosis of acute leukaemia.

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (T.D.T.) has been measured in the cells of 112 leukaemia patients whose cells were characterised by membrane markers as well as by standard haematological and cytochemical criteria. The concentration of enzyme ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 units/10(8) cells in the bone-marrows of 20 patients with normal marrow or benign marrow hyperplasia. The enzyme level was raised in 30 of 31 patients with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.) whose cells reacted positively with an anti-A.L.L. serum (range 0.9-197, mean 59, units/10(8) cells) and in all 9 patients with thymic A.L.L. (Thy-A.L.L.) (range 1.5-95, mean 36, units/10(8) cells). All but 1 of 17 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia gave negative results (range 0-1.5, mean 0.60, units/10(8) cells), and T.D.T. was also normal in all 7 bone-marrow samples from patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (C.G.L.) in the chronic phase. The T.D.T. assay gave a clear distinction between 11 patients with C.G.L. in lymphoid transformation, anti-A.L.L.-serum positive (range 15-226, mean 83, units/10(8) cells), and 12 patients with C.G.L. in myeloblastic transformation, anti-A.L.L.-serum negative (range 0-1.9, mean 0.7, units/10(8) cells). Among 17 patients with otherwise unclassifiable acute leukaemia, 10 gave raised values (range 1.6-113 units/10(8) cells) and 7 gave normal values. It is concluded that the assay of T.D.T. in the peripheral blood or bone-marrow of patients with acute leukaemia is of value in differentiating lymphoid (including non-T non-B and Thy-A.L.L.) from myeloid leukaemia.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1977

Prolonged remission maintenance in acute myeloid leukaemia.

Twenty-five patients with acute myeloid leukaemia were treated with three quadruple drug combinations in predetermined rotation: TRAP (thioguanine, daunorubicin, cytarabine, prednisolone); COAP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, cytarabine, prednisolone); and POMP (prednisolone, vincristine, methotrexate, mercaptopurine). Fifteen patients (60%) achieved complete remission and five (20%) partial remission. For maintenance, five-day courses of drugs were administered every 14 to 21 days and doses were increased to tolerance. The median length of complete remission was 66 weeks. In eight patients remission maintenance treatment was discontinued and some remained in complete remission for over two years. In this series the remission induction rate was comparable with that reported for other regimens and complete remission lasted longer with this intensive maintenance regimen than with others. Nevertheless, the TRAP programme must still be regarded as only palliative treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Multiple-drug chemotherapy for acute leukemia The TRAMPCOL regimen: results in 86 patients.

A combination of eight cytotoxic drugs, administered simultaneously, has been used in 86 cases of acute leukemia. The regimen, designated TRAMPCOL, incorporated thioguanine, rubidomycin, (daunorubicin), cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and usually L-asparaginase. Treatment was administered in five-day pulses with treatment-free intervals varying from nine to 23 days. Subjective and objective toxic effects were not more severe than those seen with two- and four-drug regimens previously employed. Substantial clinical and hematologic improvement occurred in 8/19 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in acute transformation. Complete clinical and hematologic remission (CR) was achieved in 3/7 patients with untreated acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 5/19 patients with AML who had failed to achieve CR with other therapy, and 4/18 patients with AML in relapse after CR obtained with regimens other than TRAMPCOL. CR occurred in 15/17 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), most of whom had had multiple previous relapses. CR was not achieved in four patients with AML superimposed on pre-existing myeloproliferative disorders. The TRAMPCOL regimen merits further evaluation in CGL after acute transformation, as a primary treatment for AML, and as therapy for ALL 1) in relapse, 2) in adults, 3) in children with adverse prognostic features, and 4) in T-cell ALL.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Splenic red cell pooling in hairy cell leukaemia.

The splenic red cell volume has been measured directly by an isotope method with quantitative scanning in 10 patients with leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis (hairy cell leukaemia). The volume ranged between 211 and 726 ml (mean 410 ml, SD 158) and this constituted 15--48% (mean 28.1%, SD 9.5) of the total circulating red cell volume. This is an exceptionally large pool when compared with that found in myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders with the same degree of splenomegaly. It is consistent with the histological features which show marked red cell accumulation in the splenic cord areas. The red cell pooling in the spleen thus appears to be a significant factor in the anaemia and there was fairly good correlation between the percentage of improvement in the anaemia and the percentage of red cell volume contained in the spleen. By direct measurement of the splenic red cell pool, it is possible to predict the extent to which splenectomy will benefit the anaemia and this may also provide an indirect measure of the extent of bone marrow dysfunction in the causation of the anaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Phagocytic potential of leukaemic B-lymphocytes.

Phagocytosis of small latex particles was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in a proportion of cells from B-lymphoproliferative disorders including chronic lymphocytic, prolymphocytic and hairy cell leukaemia. It was not observed in a case of T-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or in normal lymphocytes. A significant correlation was observed between the binding of latex to the lymphocyte surface and the degree of phagocytosis. It is suggested that the phagocytic activity of leukaemic B-lymphocytes is mediated through their Fc receptor and that this property may also be present in normal B-cells. Among mononuclear cells, therefore, phagocytosis can no longer be considered exclusively a property of monocytes.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1977

Megakaryoblastic transformation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. An electron microscopy and cytochemial study.

Morphological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural electron microscopic (EM) studies were performed on blood and bone-marrow cells of case of Ph1-positive chronic ganulocytic leukaemia in megakaryocytic acute transformation. The entire leukaemic cell population was found to consist and of megakaryoblasts and megakaryocytes. Intermediate stages of maturation between blasts and micromegakaryocytes were observed at EM level.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Morphological and cytochemical identification of lymphoid cells.

This paper reviews the contribution of light and electron microscopy, surface structure and cytochemistry (acid phosphatase, B-glucuronidase, alpha-naphthyl esterase, and PAS reactions) in the recognition and classification of normal and abnormal lymphocyte populations.

Acid Phosphatase↗